Normal Adult Cross‐Sectional Echocardiographic Values: Linear Dimensions and Chamber Areas

Triulzi, M O; Gillam, Linda D.; Gentile, Francesco; Newell, Barry; Weyman, Arthur E.

doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.1984.tb00173.x

Cited by 108 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Measurements included right and left atrial dimensions, LV dimensions, LV volume, LV ejection fraction (EF), RV function, extent of LV endocardium involved by wall-motion abnormality, LV sphericity index, and mitral valve annular dimensions. 9,10 LV volumes were measured by the method of discs from orthogonal apical views. The sphericity index was calculated as a ratio of the LV midventricular dimension (in the apical 4-chamber view) and the long-axis dimension.…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Predictors of Survival and Response to Early Revascularization in Cardiogenic Shock

et al. 2003

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for the SHOCK Trial Background-Although echocardiography is used in diagnosis and management of myocardial infarction, it has not been established whether specific features of cardiac structure or function early in the course of cardiogenic shock provide prognostic value. The purposes of this substudy of the SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK (SHOCK) trial were to describe the echocardiographic features of cardiogenic shock, identify findings on early echocardiograms associated with outcome, examine the interaction of such features with treatment, and determine whether these features could provide insights into the survival benefit observed with early revascularization and guide selection of patients for this strategy. Methods and Results-One hundred seventy-five echocardiograms performed within 24 hours of randomization to the early revascularization (ERV) or initial medical stabilization (IMS) arms of the trial were submitted for quantitative assessment, and 169 were suitable for analysis. The 2 groups were similar in terms of clinical and early echocardiographic characteristics. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 31%, and moderate or greater mitral regurgitation (MR) was noted in 39.1%. On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of survival were MR severity and LVEF. A survival benefit for the ERV strategy was observed at all levels of LVEF and MR. Conclusions-A wide range of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities exists in patients presenting with acute cardiogenic shock. Both short-and long-term mortality appear to be associated with initial left ventricular systolic function and MR as assessed by echocardiography, and a benefit of ERV is noted regardless of baseline LVEF or MR.

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Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Predictors of Survival and Response to Early Revascularization in Cardiogenic Shock

et al. 2003

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“…Absolute contraindications are previous esophagectomy/esophagogastrectomy, oesophageal stricture, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal trauma, diverticulae, tumour and recent suture lines. Relative contraindications include symptomatic hiatus hernia, oesophagitis, coagulopathy, large decending aortic aneurysm, unilateral vocal cord paralysis, oesophageal varices, post radiation therapy, Barrets esophagus and unexplained upper gastro intestinal bleed [1][2][3]5,8].…”

Section: Contraindications For Tee Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary goals are to diagnose a left atrial appendage mass/thrombus, left ventricular apex pathology (maximum LV length must be in view to visualize the apex) and left ventricular apex systolic dysfunction [1,2,5,8].…”

Section: Mid Esophageal Long Axis Two Chamber View (Metcv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In intubated patients under general anaesthesia, TEE probe is introduced inside the oesophageal orifice under direct laryngoscopy and is less traumatic than when performed in awake patients. TEE is a perioperative diagnostic tool of proven efficacy which can influence surgical and anaesthetic management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery [1,2]. We review here, the lesser studied and fast evolving use of TEE in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, concentrating on obtaining five basic views which can be rapidly reviewed to provide valuable information requisite for non cardiac surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEE aptly resolves this important issue by opening a new window to the heart. It provides detailed dynamic, real time information Volume 3 Issue 4 -2015 about cardiac anatomy and functioning by high quality cardiac monitoring from just a distance of 1-2 mm posterior to the heart [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8]. Ribs, obesity, pneumothorax do not produce artifacts when the TEE is being used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Untitled

2015

JACCOA

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Two dimensional echocardiography of the heart gives the accurate dimensions of cardiac anatomical structures. In addition, Doppler effect by virtue of measuring blood velocity gives critical information regarding functioning of the heart (cardiac output and flow across cardiac valves). Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) has revolutionized surgical and anesthetic management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery ever since its introduction in 1980s, but its intraoperative utility in non-cardiac surgery is a new emergent dimension. We review here, the nascent and lesser studied use of TEE in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, concentrating on five basic views which can be rapidly viewed even by lesser trained anesthesiologists in the learning curve to provide valuable information requisite for non cardiac surgery.

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Echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives

Grapsa

Tzemos

2017

Continuing Cardiol Educ

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Pulmonary hypertension is a debilitating disease with limited treatment options and prognosis. A significant part of right heart failure management is the accurate imaging of right heart chambers with the means of conventional echocardiography as well as advanced imaging. The purpose of this review was to explain the anatomy and physiology of the right heart chambers and subsequently to demonstrate all latest available echocardiographic indices specific for right heart. We also discuss three‐dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking as advanced imaging modalities for right heart assessment.

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Normal Adult Cross‐Sectional Echocardiographic Values: Linear Dimensions and Chamber Areas

Cited by 108 publications

References 10 publications

Echocardiographic Predictors of Survival and Response to Early Revascularization in Cardiogenic Shock

Echocardiographic Predictors of Survival and Response to Early Revascularization in Cardiogenic Shock

Untitled

Echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives

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