“…Recently, the shift-and-invert Arnoldi or Lanczos method has been used in designing fast algorithms for the generalized Toeplitz eigenproblem [9], and Toeplitz matrix exponential [10,11]. Toeplitz matrices have various applications [12][13][14][15], due to the special structure of Toeplitz matrices, there are many fast algorithms for solving Toeplitz matrix problems [16][17][18][19] and various formula for the inversion of Toeplitz matrix [20][21][22], the products of the inverse of a Toeplitz matrix and a vector can be implemented using several FFTs [10,11,21]. For a Hankel matrix, the inverse can be obtained by solving two large Hankel linear systems, and the matrix-vector products in the shift-and-invert Arnoldi method can also be realized efficiently by using FFTs.…”