Norfloxacin Cocrystals: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Scale-up Viability Through Solubility Studies

Cocrystal of Naringenin and Norfloxacin: Crystal Transformation, Solubility, and Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities

“…It can be seen that the main diffraction peaks of NAR and cocrystal 3 in pure water and pH 6.8 medium were the same as those of the original drug, which indicated that the stability of NAR and cocrystal 3 was good during the dissolution process. Compared with the original diffraction peaks of NOR in these two media, it showed new diffraction peaks at 6.45, 7.26, and 11.38°, and the diffraction peak at 17.78° disappeared, which may be related to crystal transformation during the dissolution experiments of NOR . Therefore, it can further explain that the cocrystal technique is beneficial to enhance the stability of the drug during the dissolution process.…”

“…Compared with the original diffraction peaks of NOR in these two media, it showed new diffraction peaks at 6.45, 7.26, and 11.38°, and the diffraction peak at 17.78°disappeared, which may be related to crystal transformation during the dissolution experiments of NOR. 35 Therefore, it can further explain that the cocrystal technique is beneficial to enhance the stability of the drug during the dissolution process.…”

Cocrystals Enhance Biopharmaceutical and Antimicrobial Properties of Norfloxacin

“…Making a relationship between the cocrystal reproduced in this article, which followed the process previously described by Basavoju and collaborators [ 14 ], and the other NFX cocrystals described in the literature so far [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], we can mention that most of them also used organic solvents for its preparation, such as chloroform [ 17 ], toluene [ 18 ], and ethanol [ 20 ], which is, therefore, considered a common practice among authors. When evaluating the DSC/TG results, it can be observed that, after desolvation of the cocrystal at ~110 °C, we have a temperature interval until its melting occurs at 143 °C, which suggests the hypothesis of the existence of an anhydrous cocrystal between these two temperatures that could be isolated and obtained through the use of thermal analysis techniques, offering a possible proposal for an NFX–INA cocrystal without the presence of the CHCl 3 solvent and an interesting topic for future studies.…”

“…The objective was to improve factors like dissolution, solubility, and antimicrobial properties, which were evaluated by colorimetric microdilution assay. There are reports in the literature of the formation of some NFX cocrystals, such as a cocrystal solvated with isonicotinamide/chloroform [14], a salt cocrystal with saccharin [15], a dual-drug cocrystal with ciprofloxacin [16] a cocrystal with riboflavin [17], another with resorcinol [18], an NFX cocrystal with two known isomers of nicotinic acid (picolinic acid and isonicotinic acid) [19], and a cocrystal with nicotinamide, cinnamic acid, and sorbic acid [20]. All these NFX crystals cited are listed in more detail in Table 1.…”