Norepinephrine Induces PTSD-Like Memory Impairments via Regulation of the β-Adrenoceptor-cAMP/PKA and CaMK II/PKC Systems in the Basolateral Amygdala

Liu, Xianghui; Zhu, Rong-Ting; Hao, Bo; Shi, Yan‐Wei; Wang, Xiaoguang; Xue, Li; Zhao, Hu

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00043

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The enhancing effect of acute stress on the generalization of fear (i.e., US expectancies) described in Chapter 3 align well with previous studies that observed an acute stress or cortisol effect on fear generalization in humans (e.g., and animals (e.g., Bender et al, 2018;Kaouane et al, 2012;Kolodziejczyk & Fendt, 2020;Lesuis et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2018). However, a recent study failed to find an effect of acute stress on fear generalization in healthy individuals (Kausche, Zerbes, Kampermann, Büchel, et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Effect Of Stress On Fear and Avoidancesupporting

confidence: 84%

Rethinking avoidance

Lemmens¹

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Section: The Effect Of Stress On Fear and Avoidancesupporting

confidence: 84%

Rethinking avoidance

Lemmens¹

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“…Its excellent temporal accuracy allowed us to capture yohimbine effects on brief neurophysiological processes during N170 and LPP periods, but little is known about brain circuits mediating noradrenergic actions in humans ( Giustino and Maren, 2018 ). In rats, NE injection into the amygdala immediately after fear conditioning causes PTSD-like memory ( Liu et al, 2019 ). Projections from the locus coeruleus might release NE into the amygdala ( Likhtik and Johansen, 2019 ), or (vice versa) rapid amygdala processing may initiate locus coeruleus responses ( Liddell et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear

Sperl

Panitz

Skoluda

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Hyperconsolidation of aversive associations and poor extinction learning have been hypothesized to be crucial in the acquisition of pathological fear. Previous animal and human research points to the potential role of the catecholaminergic system, particularly noradrenaline and dopamine, in acquiring emotional memories. Here, we investigated in a between-subjects design with three groups whether the noradrenergic alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine and the dopaminergic D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride modulate long-term fear conditioning and extinction in humans. Methods Fifty-five healthy male students were recruited. The final sample consisted of N=51 participants who were explicitly aware about the CS–US contingencies after fear acquisition. The participants were then randomly assigned to one of the three groups and received either yohimbine (10mg, n=17), sulpiride (200mg, n=16), or placebo (n=18) between fear acquisition and extinction. Recall of conditioned (non-extinguished CS+ versus CS-) and extinguished fear (extinguished CS+ versus CS-) was assessed one day later, while a 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Results The yohimbine group showed increased salivary alpha-amylase activity, confirming a successful manipulation of central noradrenergic release. Elevated fear-conditioned bradycardia and larger differential amplitudes of the N170 and LPP components in the event-related brain potential indicated that yohimbine treatment (compared with a placebo and sulpiride) enhanced fear recall during day 2. Conclusions These results suggest that yohimbine potentiates cardiac and central electrophysiological signatures of fear memory consolidation. They thereby elucidate the key role of noradrenaline in strengthening the consolidation of conditioned fear associations, which may be a key mechanism in the etiology of fear-related disorders.

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“…Disruption of memory function is seen in a number of stress-associated disorder such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ( Berardi et al, 2014 ; Morena et al, 2018 ; Watson, 2019 ). Many studies indicated that the noradrenergic system might be responsible for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD ( Debiec et al, 2011 ; Gazarini et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2019 ). A hallmark feature of such psychiatric condition is the over-consolidation of the traumatic experience, which in turn leads to maladaptive behavior ( Desmedt et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine Modulation of Long-Term Object Recognition Memory in Rats: Influence of Stress

et al. 2021

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Amphetamine is a potent psychostimulant that increases brain monoamine levels. Extensive evidence demonstrated that norepinephrine is crucially involved in the regulation of memory consolidation for stressful experiences. Here, we investigated amphetamine effects on the consolidation of long-term recognition memory in rats exposed to different intensities of forced swim stress immediately after training. Furthermore, we evaluated whether such effects are dependent on the activation of the peripheral adrenergic system. To this aim, male adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an object recognition task and intraperitoneally administered soon after training with amphetamine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg), or its corresponding vehicle. Rats were thereafter exposed to a mild (1 min, 25 ± 1°C) or strong (5 min, 19 ± 1°C) forced swim stress procedure. Recognition memory retention was assessed 24-h after training. Our findings showed that amphetamine enhances the consolidation of memory in rats subjected to mild stress condition, while it impairs long-term memory performance in rats exposed to strong stress. These dichotomic effects is dependent on stress-induced activation of the peripheral adrenergic response.

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Norepinephrine Induces PTSD-Like Memory Impairments via Regulation of the β-Adrenoceptor-cAMP/PKA and CaMK II/PKC Systems in the Basolateral Amygdala

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Rethinking avoidance

Rethinking avoidance

Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear

Amphetamine Modulation of Long-Term Object Recognition Memory in Rats: Influence of Stress

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