Norepinephrine-Containing Neurons: Changes in Spontaneous Discharge Patterns during Sleeping and Waking

Chu, Nai‐Shin; Bloom, Floyd E.

doi:10.1126/science.179.4076.908

Cited by 152 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous work, however, has shown that phasic epochs of hippocampal theta during sleep, similar to movement-associated theta in the waking animal, are resistant to muscarinic ACh receptor blockade (Kramis et al, 1975;Robinson et al, 1977), although nicotinic receptors may play a role in phasic REM periods (Reinoso-Suarez et al, 2001). Additionally, whereas serotonergic neuron firing is inversely related to the occurrence of pontine waves (McGinty and Harper, 1976), noradrenergic neurons in the locus ceruleus fire short bursts of activity correlated with pontine waves (Chu and Bloom, 1973). These bursts may release sufficient amount of the critical neurotransmitter to transiently reinstate synchrony among hippocampal networks and perhaps exert similar effects on neocortical circuits as well.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Hippocampal Activity Patterns During Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, brain reactivity to external stimuli during REM sleep is more similar to waking responsiveness than that observed during slow-wave sleep (Bastuji and Garcia-Larrea, 1999;Wehrle et al, 2007). These similarities are surprising because waking and REM forebrain activity profiles are accompanied by strikingly different firing patterns of serotonergic (McGinty and Harper, 1976), catecholaminergic (Chu and Bloom, 1973), and histaminergic (Sakai et al, 1990) neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Theta and Gamma Coordination of Hippocampal Networks during Waking and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Montgomery¹,

Sirota²,

Buzsáki³

2008

Journal of Neuroscience

336

290

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Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been considered a paradoxical state because, despite the high behavioral threshold to arousing perturbations, gross physiological patterns in the forebrain resemble those of waking states. To understand how intrahippocampal networks interact during REM sleep, we used 96 site silicon probes to record from different hippocampal subregions and compared the patterns of activity during waking exploration and REM sleep. Dentate/CA3 theta and gamma synchrony was significantly higher during REM sleep compared with active waking. In contrast, gamma power in CA1 and CA3-CA1 gamma coherence showed significant decreases in REM sleep. Changes in unit firing rhythmicity and unit-field coherence specified the local generation of these patterns. Although these patterns of hippocampal network coordination characterized the more common tonic periods of REM sleep (ϳ95% of total REM), we also detected large phasic bursts of local field potential power in the dentate molecular layer that were accompanied by transient increases in the firing of dentate and CA1 neurons. In contrast to tonic REM periods, phasic REM epochs were characterized by higher theta and gamma synchrony among the dentate, CA3, and CA1 regions. These data suggest enhanced dentate processing, but limited CA3-CA1 coordination during tonic REM sleep. In contrast, phasic bursts of activity during REM sleep may provide windows of opportunity to synchronize the hippocampal trisynaptic loop and increase output to cortical targets. We hypothesize that tonic REM sleep may support off-line mnemonic processing, whereas phasic bursts of activity during REM may promote memory consolidation.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Hippocampal Activity Patterns During Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Theta and Gamma Coordination of Hippocampal Networks during Waking and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Montgomery¹,

Sirota²,

Buzsáki³

2008

Journal of Neuroscience

336

290

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These observations, the first of their kind for known NE-containing neurons, support previous proposals that a similar subpopulation of cat LC neurons may be noradrenergic (Hobson et aI., 1975;Jacobs, Rasmussen, & Morilak, 1984). However, other activity profiles of purported noradrenergic neurons have been reported in cat LC (Chu & Bloom, 1973, 1974. Further analysis revealed that, in addition to distinct average discharge rates for different sleep-waking cycle stages, LC impulse activity changes within stages of the sleep-waking cycle, in anticipation of the subsequent stage.…”

Section: Spontaneous Lc Discharge and The Sleep-waking Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral functions of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes

Aston‐Jones

1985

Psychobiology

235

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The electrophysiological activity of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) was examined in unanesthetized rats during spontaneously occurring behavior and sensory stimulation. The pattern of spontaneous and evoked discharge during sleep. grooming, drinking, and orienting behaviors, considered in light of other cellular anatomic and physiologic attributes, implicates the LC system in the control of vigilance and initiation of adaptive behavioral responses.Many hypotheses have been generated concerning the role of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) system, ranging from emotions and affective disorders to control of cerebral blood flow (for a review, see Aston-Jones, Foote & Bloom, 1984). However, there is as yet no single theory to unify the vast array of observations relevant to this nucleus. To more fully elucidate the overall role of the LC in brain and behavioral processes, my collaborators and I have sought a more complete understanding of the cellular anatomic and physiologic properties of this system (Foote, Bloom, & Aston-Jones, 1983). There are at least four essential questions to be answered in achieving such a cellular understanding: (1) Where do LC neurons project, (2) what effect does norepinephrine (NE) released from LC terminals have on target neurons, (3) when are LC neurons active (and presumably releasing NE) during behavior, and (4) what afferents are responsible for controlling LC discharge.Although a great deal is known about the efferent anatomy and postsynaptic physiology of the LC system (briefly reviewed below), data pertinent to the third question above, that is, the sensory/behavioral conditions that determine impulse activity in LC neurons, have not been available until recently. The present article addresses this question by presenting data from our studies of LC neuronal discharge in behaving animals (performed in collaboration with Stephen Foote and Floyd Bloom). Similarly, very little is known about the fourth question above, concerning afferents responsible for controlling LC discharge. Our results for LC activity in behaving animals

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“…Here, we test this hypothesis by using three saporin-based neurotoxins to lesion the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons, the locus ceruleus (LC), and the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and then determining whether rats with such a triple lesion sleep more. These three neuronal populations have been implicated in arousal based on pharmacological studies (Jones, 2005) and on the firing patterns of their respective neurons (Chu and Bloom, 1973;John et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2005). HCRT receptors are present on their neurons (Greco and Shiromani, 2001;Marcus et al, 2001), and application of HCRT in the BF (Blanco-Centurion et al, 2006b), TMN (Huang et al, 2001), or LC (Bourgin et al, 2000) has a potent arousing effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Saporin-Induced Lesions of Three Arousal Populations on Daily Levels of Sleep and Wake

Blanco-Centurión¹,

Gerashchenko²,

Shiromani³

2007

J. Neurosci.

148

112

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The hypocretin (HCRT) neurons are located only in the perifornical area of the lateral hypothalamus and heavily innervate the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF), histamine neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and the noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) neurons, three neuronal populations that have traditionally been implicated in regulating arousal. Based on the innervation, HCRT neurons may regulate arousal by driving these downstream arousal neurons. Here, we directly test this hypothesis by a simultaneous triple lesion of these neurons using three saporin-conjugated neurotoxins. Three weeks after lesion, the daily levels of wake were not changed in rats with double or triple lesions, although rats with triple lesions were asleep more during the light-to-dark transition period. The double-and triple-lesioned rats also had more stable sleep architecture compared with nonlesioned saline rats. These results suggest that the cholinergic BF, TMN, and LC neurons jointly modulate arousal at a specific circadian time, but they are not essential links in the circuitry responsible for daily levels of wake, as traditionally hypothesized.

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Norepinephrine-Containing Neurons: Changes in Spontaneous Discharge Patterns during Sleeping and Waking

Cited by 152 publications

References 10 publications

Theta and Gamma Coordination of Hippocampal Networks during Waking and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Theta and Gamma Coordination of Hippocampal Networks during Waking and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Behavioral functions of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes

Effects of Saporin-Induced Lesions of Three Arousal Populations on Daily Levels of Sleep and Wake

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