Norepinephrine and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: Partners in the Neural Circuits that Underpin Stress and Anxiety

Sun, Yajie; Hunt, Sarah; Sah, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.07.022

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous findings have suggested that IRES-mediated translation occurs in stressful conditions [28][29][30]. NE is the wellknown hormone responsible to this condition [64] and may increase the levels of hnRNP R; therefore, the novel role of hnRNP R on AANAT translation observed in our study suggests a possible regulation of circadian rhythms and melatonin synthesis during many dynamic physiological conditions. The novel fine-tuning roles of RNA-binding proteins including hnRNP R in AANAT and melatonin synthesis deserve further investigations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R regulates arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site‐mediated translation in a circadian manner

Lee

Kim

et al. 2015

Journal of Pineal Research

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Rhythmic arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) synthesis is a prominent circadian-controlled response that occurs in most mammals. AANAT is the core enzyme in melatonin production; because melatonin participates in many physiological processes, the regulation of AANAT is an important research topic. In this study, we focused on the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R) in the translation of AANAT. A novel RNA-binding protein hnRNP R widely interacted with the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of AANAT mRNA and contributed to translation through an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Fine-tuning of AANAT protein synthesis occurred in response to knockdown and overexpression of hnRNP R. Nocturnal elevation of AANAT protein was dependent on the rhythmic changes of hnRNP R, whose levels are elevated in the pineal gland during nighttime. Increases in hnRNP R additionally improved AANAT production in rat pinealocytes under norepinephrine (NE) treatment. These results suggest that cap-independent translation of AANAT mRNA plays a role in the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin through the recruitment of translational machinery to hnRNP R-bound AANAT mRNA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R regulates arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site‐mediated translation in a circadian manner

Lee

Kim

et al. 2015

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…In contrast to VLM CA neurons, which send heavy projections to the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system (Kvetnansky et al, 2009;Moore and Bloom, 1979;Rinaman, 2010), the LC sends intense projections to high cognitive centers such as the hippocampus and the cortex but sends few inputs to the PVN or the spinal cord (Moore and Bloom, 1979;Sawchenko and Swanson, 1982). Therefore, although the LC-CA system has been implicated in many stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress (McCall et al, 2015;Sara, 2009;Southwick et al, 1997;Sun et al, 2015), the role of the LC-CA system in controlling stress-induced hyperglycemia appears to be indirect or dispensable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Central Catecholaminergic Circuit Controls Blood Glucose Levels during Stress

Zhao

Wang

Gao

et al. 2017

Neuron

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Stress-induced hyperglycemia is a fundamental adaptive response that mobilizes energy stores in response to threats. Here, our examination of the contributions of the central catecholaminergic (CA) neuronal system to this adaptive response revealed that CA neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) control stress-induced hyperglycemia. Ablation of VLM CA neurons abolished the hyperglycemic response to both physical and psychological stress, whereas chemogenetic activation of these neurons was sufficient to induce hyperglycemia. We further found that CA neurons in the rostral VLM, but not those in the caudal VLM, cause hyperglycemia via descending projections to the spinal cord. Monosynaptic tracing experiments showed that VLM CA neurons receive direct inputs from multiple stress-responsive brain areas. Optogenetic studies identified an excitatory PVN-VLM circuit that induces hyperglycemia. This study establishes the central role of VLM CA neurons in stress-induced hyperglycemia and substantially expands our understanding of the central mechanism that controls glucose metabolism.

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“…Among these hormones, CRF homolog DH-1 is suggested to be involved (Even et al, 2012). Two hormones in particular, octopamine and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) are believed to be stress hormones in insects, the former the equivalent of norepinephrine which is synthesized in the LC, a downstream target of CRF in mammals (Sun et al, 2015). LC activity is involved in generation of anxiogenic and aversive behaviours, innervating a wide range of centers implicated in these behavioural responses to stress (Sun et al, 2015).…”

Section: Rhopr-crf/dh and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of Rhopr-CRF/DH in feeding and reproduction in the blood-gorging insect Rhodnius prolixus

Mollayeva

Orchard

Lange

2018

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-gorging insect and a vector for human Chagas disease. The insect transmits the disease following feeding, when it excretes urine and feces contaminated with the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. A corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptide acts as a diuretic hormone in R. prolixus (Rhopr-CRF/DH); however, its distribution throughout the insect's central nervous system (CNS) and the expression of its receptor in feeding-related tissue as well as the female reproductive system suggests a multifaceted role for the hormone beyond that of diuresis. Here we investigate the involvement of Rhopr-CRF/DH in feeding and reproduction in R. prolixus. Immunohistochemistry of the CNS showed diminished CRF-like staining in neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the mesothoracic ganglionic mass (MTGM) immediately following feeding, and partial restocking of those same cells two hours later, indicating Rhopr-CRF/DH stores in this regions are involved in feeding. The results of the temporal qPCR analysis were consistent with the immunohistochemical findings, showing an increase in Rhopr-CRF/DH transcript expression in the MTGM immediately after feeding, presumably capturing the restocking of Rhopr-CRF/DH in the lateral NSCs following release of the peptide during feeding. Elevating haemolymph Rhopr-CRF/DH titres by injection of Rhopr-CRF/DH prior to feeding resulted in the intake of a significantly smaller blood meal in 5th instars and adults without an apparent effect on the rate of short-term diuresis. When adult females were injected with Rhopr-CRF/DH, they also produced and laid significantly fewer eggs. Finally, in vitro oviduct contraction assays illustrate that Rhopr-CRF/DH inhibits the amplitude of contractions of the lateral oviducts, highlighting a potential mechanism via which the hormone diminishes reproductive capacity. To conclude, the study of the Rhopr-CRF/DH pathway, its components and mechanisms of action, has implications for vector control by highlighting targets to alter feeding, diuresis, and reproduction of this disease vector.

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Norepinephrine and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: Partners in the Neural Circuits that Underpin Stress and Anxiety

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R regulates arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site‐mediated translation in a circadian manner

Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R regulates arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site‐mediated translation in a circadian manner

A Central Catecholaminergic Circuit Controls Blood Glucose Levels during Stress

The involvement of Rhopr-CRF/DH in feeding and reproduction in the blood-gorging insect Rhodnius prolixus

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