Noradrenergic stimulation increases fear memory expression

Kausche, Franziska Magdalena; Zerbes, Gundula; Kampermann, Lea; Müller, J; Wiedemann, Klaus; Büchel, Christian; Schwabe, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.015

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As endocrine hormones, NE and E can affect the the bodys’ mood by modulating the sensitivity of neuronal synapses and neurotransmitters [ 28 ]. NE can return to the synaptic space under the action of norepinephrine transporter protein, and also form E by acting on phenylmethylamine-N-methyltransferase, which easily lead to tension and fear [ 29 ]. It had been reported that due to the changes in stress and hormone levels during pregnancy, the blue spot located in the brain stem was activated, thus releasing a large number of NE to participate in the regulation of the nervous system, which would be easy to cause tension and depression [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Wang,

Ling,

Zhao

et al. 2024

BMC Anesthesiol

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Background To evaluate the effect of esketamine combined with ropivacaine hydrochloride on the occurrence of postpartum depression (PPD) after labor analgesia under epidural analgesia pump and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods A total of 120 women aged 24 to 36 years old who underwent labor analgesia by epidural analgesia pump, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II were enrolled. According to the formula of epidural analgesia pump, all participants were randomly divided into two groups: esketamine group (Group E) and control group (Group C). Epidural anaesthesia were operated in all women between L2 and L3 after cervical dilation up to 2 ~ 3 cm. After successful puncture, the epidural catheter was placed 3.5 cm toward the head and 1% lidocaine was injected for 3 ml. The epidural analgesia pump was connected. Esketamine (0.2 mg/kg) combined with 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride (20 ml) were diluted by normal saline up to 100 ml in Group E, when only the equal dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride was used in Group C. The visual analogue scale (VAS) before analgesia (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3) and 20 (T4) minutes after analgesia were measured. The duration of the first and second stage of labor, the Apgar score of fetus at delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, consumption of esketamine and ropivacaine were recorded. The incidence of PPD was recorded at 1 week and 6 weeks after delivering. The occurrence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and nightmares were also recorded for 48 h after delivering. The levels of leptin, norepinephrine(NE), and epinephrine(E) in the peripheral venous blood were measured before labor analgesia and at 24 h, 1 week, and 6 weeks after delivering. Results Compared with Group C, the VAS score at T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower in Group E (P < 0.01). Compared with Group C, the incidence of PPD was significantly lower at 1 week and 6 weeks after delivering in Group E (P < 0.01). Compared with Group C, the levels of leptin were significantly higher at 24 h and 1 week after delivering in Group E (P < 0.01), while NE and E (P < 0.01) were lower at the same time (P < 0.01). There were no significant difference of the duration of the first and second stage of labor, the Apgar score of fetus at delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, consumption of ropivacaine and the side effects for 48 h after delivering between the two groups. Conclusion Esketamine combined with ropivacaine hydrochloride used in labor analgesia can significantly reduce the incidence of postpartum depression after delivering without increasing related side effects, which may be related to the regulation of leptin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the serum. Trial registration The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 30/05/2022 (CTRI registration number—ChiCTR2200060387). URL of registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/home.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Wang,

Ling,

Zhao

et al. 2024

BMC Anesthesiol

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“…In a subsequent study that investigated the effect of enhanced NA signals during fear extinction learning, Kausche et al [ 133 ] administered α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine to healthy volunteers. The participants (n = 125) were pseudo-randomly assigned to four experimental groups based on the type of medication administered.…”

Section: Effects Of Noradrenaline (Na) Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacological Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate, Noradrenaline and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Fear Extinction Learning: Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity

Battaglia

Fazio

Vicario

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms of fear learning. In this review, we address the role of specific neuropharmacological adjuvants that act on neurochemical synaptic transmission, as well as on brain plasticity processes implicated in fear memory. We focus on novel neuropharmacological manipulations targeting glutamatergic, noradrenergic, and endocannabinoid systems, and address how the modulation of these neurobiological systems affects fear extinction learning in humans. We show that the administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonists and modulation of the endocannabinoid system by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition can boost extinction learning through the stabilization and regulation of the receptor concentration. On the other hand, elevated noradrenaline levels dynamically modulate fear learning, hindering long-term extinction processes. These pharmacological interventions could provide novel targeted treatments and prevention strategies for fear-based and anxiety-related disorders.

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“…Acute stress did not modulate fear generalization, neither on a behavioral nor on a neural level. In a follow-up study, Kausche, Zerbes, et al (2021b) investigated the effect of acute stress hormones (i.e., cortisol and noradrenaline) on fear generalization, by administering either a placebo, hydrocortisone, yohimbine, or both before a fear generalization test one day after fear acquisition. No significant effects of hydrocortisone on fear generalization were found.…”

Section: The Effect Of Stress On Fear and Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking avoidance

Lemmens¹

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Noradrenergic stimulation increases fear memory expression

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Neuropharmacological Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate, Noradrenaline and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Fear Extinction Learning: Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity

Rethinking avoidance

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