Nonylphenol and octylphenol in human breast milk

Ademollo, Nicoletta; Ferrara, Fulvio; Delise, M.; Fabietti, F.; Funari, Enzo

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.03.001

Cited by 146 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This result potentially indicated that human already have exhibited high risk exposure to 4-t-OP from living environment including drinking water or food. This view point also can be supported by reports which showed that 4-t-OP was detected in human milk samples which is the main nourishment for newborn, and correlated finding with dietary factors [22,23]. The presence of 4-t-OP contaminant in human milk may increase health risks in newborn or infant.…”

Section: -T-op Induced Vtg Synthesis and Disrupts Testis Morphology supporting

confidence: 70%

Toxicity Effects of the Environmental Hormone 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Saputra¹,

Yen²

2015

J Marine Sci Res Dev

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Abstract4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), an environmental exogenous estrogen is produced by microbial degradation of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs). Although it is well known that 4-t-OP can cause the feminization of male, sterility and deficiency of gonad development of aquatic animals by disrupting the endocrine reproductive signaling, less is known about the effects of 4-t-OP on embryonic development. Moreover, the presence of 4-t-OP were detected in umbilical cord blood samples of newborns suggesting infants during development may expose to the risk of 4-t-OP contaminant, hence to investigate the effect of 4-t-OP on physiological function during embryonic development is necessary. In the present study, zebrafish embryos exposed to 4-t-OP were used to evaluate the toxicity of 4-t-OP. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) for wild type zebrafish embryos exposure to 4-t-OP for 3 days is approximately 1.0 µM, and a high ratio of cardiovascular defects were showed in survival embryos. To observe the cardiovascular defects more efficiently, Tg (fil-1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos was used in 4-t-OP exposure treatment. Following exposure Tg (fil-1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos to 4-t-OP at 1.0 µM for 4 days, a highly proportion of defects revealed in cardiovascular system, including pericardical edema, irregular shape or incomplete looping of ventricle and atrium, the absence of intersegmental vessel in the tail of notochord, unformed parachordal vessel and kinks in the caudal vein. The phenotype of cardiovascular defects was accompanied by reduced heart rate and impaired blood circulation. The mRNA expression levels of transcription factors, which are critical for zebrafish heart chamber formation and blood vessel development, were analyzed by RT-PCR. The results showed that the presence of 4-t-OP significantly induce expression level of ERα and ERβ2, and caused cardiovascular defects by suppressing transcription factor Nkx2. 7, Hand2, Tbx2a, Tbx2b, Tbx5a, FGF1a, in zebrafish. The present study suggests that 4-t-OP affects the cardiovascular development in zebrafish and elucidated that early life exposure to 4-t-OP potentially may take a risk of impaired cardiovascular function.

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Section: -T-op Induced Vtg Synthesis and Disrupts Testis Morphology supporting

confidence: 70%

Toxicity Effects of the Environmental Hormone 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Saputra¹,

Yen²

2015

J Marine Sci Res Dev

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“…Meanwhile, 4-NP, BPA and TCS have already been detected in human urine, blood and breast milk of some countries (Ademollo et al, 2008;Allmyr et al, 2006Allmyr et al, , 2008Calafat et al, 2008a,b;Inoue et al, 2000Inoue et al, , 2003Vandenberg et al, 2007); and BPA was even found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, placental tissue, semen, umbilical cord blood, fetal serum and adipose tissues (Vandenberg et al, 2007;Vandenberg et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Nonylphenol, bisphenol-A and triclosan levels in human urine of children and students in China, and the effects of drinking these bottled materials on the levels

Ying

Zhao

et al. 2013

Environment International

163

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“…Through the food chain, it can reach humans directly by consuming fishery products or indirectly using fish flour as animal feed [10] . The presence of NP is 32 ng/mL in breast milk of mothers consuming fish three times a week [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nonylphenol on Hearing in Rats

Yücedağ¹,

Okur²,

Uğuz³

et al. 2014

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:Nonylphenol is a neurotoxic substance widely present in the environment. Although its neurotoxic effects are well-known, to our knowledge, the ototoxic effects of nonylphenol on hearing have not been published in the literature yet. We aimed to investigate the effect of nonylphenol on hearing function in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Fifty rats were randomly divided into five Groups each containing 10 animals. Group 1 was a control Group and Group 2 was a solvent control containing ethanol alone, whereas Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treatment Groups exposed to the different concentrations of nonylphenol dissolved in ethanol for six-weeks. Distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements were evaluated at the end of exposure. RESULTS:In the distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement, signal-to-noise ratio values did not show any statistically significant differences between the control and ethanol Groups (p>0.05). But, we found significant differences between signal-to-noise ratio values of control and nonylphenol Groups at 4000 and 6000 Hz frequencies (p<0.05). Also, we found statistically significant difference between signal-to-noise ratio values of ethanol and nonylphenol Groups at 4000 and 6000 Hz frequencies (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for signal-tonoise ratio values among nonylphenol Groups (Groups 3-5) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Our study showed that nonylphenol has negative effects on hearing function in rats but the effects do not seem to be dose-dependent. Further studies are needed to find whether nonylphenol has an effect on hearing loss in rats as well as hearing in human beings.

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Nonylphenol and octylphenol in human breast milk

Cited by 146 publications

References 39 publications

Toxicity Effects of the Environmental Hormone 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Toxicity Effects of the Environmental Hormone 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

4-Nonylphenol, bisphenol-A and triclosan levels in human urine of children and students in China, and the effects of drinking these bottled materials on the levels

The Effects of Nonylphenol on Hearing in Rats

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