Nonverbal Expressions and the Accessibility of Life Experience Memories: A Congruence Hypothesis

Riskind, John H.

doi:10.1521/soco.1983.2.1.62

Cited by 114 publications

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“…Patients practicing an upward-opening Qi Gong movement, which runs counter to the habitual slumped and downward depressive movement pattern, recalled a significantly higher proportion of positive items. This result replicates previous findings on the effects of movement manipulations on memory bias [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Extending these findings, we also found that movement manipulations affect more "trait-like" characteristics of depressive memory: Patients practicing upward Qi Gong movements showed higher levels of memory specificity than patients practicing a downward movement pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Manipulation of posture or body movements has broad effects on self-reported, behavioural and physiological facets of emotions (for a review see [23]). Studies on effects of the body on memory have, for example, shown that manipulating postures (slumped vs. upright) affected the ease with which participants were able to recall either pleasant or unpleasant life experiences [24], that strong in contrast to light movements are related to more negative memory recall [25] or that congruent body posture facilitates access to and retention of autobiographical memories [26]. Furthermore, a study by Casasanto and Dijkstra [27] has shown that verticality seems to be especially related to valence: Participants performing an upward action (i.e., moving both hands upwards to deposit a marble at a higher location) were faster in retrieving positive autobiographic memories, while they were faster in retrieving negative autobiographic memories when performing a downward action (i.e., moving both hands downwards to deposit a marble in a lower location).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Upward versus Downward Movement Patterns on Memory Characteristics of Depressed Individuals

et al. 2018

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Background/Aims: Basic research on embodiment has demonstrated that manipulating the motoric system has broad effects on cognitive and emotional processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an embodiment manipulation on the affective memory bias and specificity of autobiographic memories of depressed individuals. Methods: Forty currently depressed patients practiced either an upward-opening Qi Gong movement, which runs counter to the habitual slumped and downward depressive movement style, or a downward-closing Qi Gong movement. They were required to retrieve specific personal memories to positive or negative cue words during movement. Moreover, an incidental recall of the cue words was conducted. Results: Patients in the upward-opening movement condition in contrast to the downward-closing movement condition showed a more positively biased recall of affective words and recalled more specific autobiographical memories. Conclusions: Results indicate that the motoric system and key maintaining cognitive factors in depressive disorders are closely interrelated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Upward versus Downward Movement Patterns on Memory Characteristics of Depressed Individuals

et al. 2018

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“…Cacioppo, Priester, & Berntson, 1993;Tom, Pettersen, Lau, Burton, & Cook, 1991), their evaluation of strangers (Förster, 1998), their susceptibility to counterattitudinal messages (e.g. Cacioppo & Petty, 1979;Petty, Wells, Heesacker, & Cacioppo, 1983;Wells & Petty, 1980), and their memories and encoding of positive versus negative events (Förster & Strack, 1996;Förster & Strack, 1997;Förster & Strack, 1998;Riskind, 1983). Here is one example: participants who held a pen with their teeth to facilitate smiling rated cartoons as funnier than participants who held a pen with their protruding lips, which inhibited a smiling expression (Strack et al, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of approach and avoidance motor actions on food intake

Förster

2002

Euro J Social Psych

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Two experiments explored the effect of arm positions of approach and avoidance on food intake. In Experiment 1, arm extension, an expression of avoidance behavior, led to smaller food intake than arm flexion, an expression of approach behavior. In Experiment 2, this effect was found only for a delicious drink (i.e. orange juice), but not for a neutral drink (lukewarm water). Different theoretical accounts for explaining the findings are discussed.

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“…A number of recent studies in experimental psychology have further underpinned Zajonc's arguments. For instance, researchers have shown that past personal life events can be more easily accessed when the body is in the same position as it was in the original experience (Dijkstra et al, 2007;Riskind, 1983). Similarly, Casasanto and Dijkstra (2010) have shown that negative or positive life experiences are implicitly linked to schematic representations of downward and upward bodily movements, so that the seemingly meaningless action of moving marbles upwards 'can cause people to think more positive thoughts ' (p. 179).…”

Section: Body−brain Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not quite a revolution: Scrutinizing organizational neuroscience in leadership studies

2013

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Several provocative studies on organizational neuroscience have been published of late, many in the domain of leadership. These studies are motivated by the prospect of being able to better explain what causes and constitutes 'good' leadership by examining brain activity. In so doing, these studies follow an established path in organizational research that seeks to reduce complex social phenomena to more basic (neurological) processes. However, advocates of organizational neuroscience reveal very little about the fundamental problems and challenges of reductionism. Therefore, our aim in this article is to scrutinize the reductionist assumptions and processes underlying the fastevolving domain of organizational neuroscience as it is applied to the study of leadership. We maintain that without explicit consideration of, and solutions to, the challenges of reductionism, the possibilities to advance leadership studies theoretically and empirically are limited. In consequence, inferential ambiguities that flow from such insights run the danger of informing organizational practice inadequately. Thus, we find suggestions that we are at the brink of a neuroscientific revolution in the study of leadership premature, and a sole focus on neuroscience, at the expense of insights from other social science disciplines, dangerous.

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Nonverbal Expressions and the Accessibility of Life Experience Memories: A Congruence Hypothesis

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Upward versus Downward Movement Patterns on Memory Characteristics of Depressed Individuals

The Impact of Upward versus Downward Movement Patterns on Memory Characteristics of Depressed Individuals

The influence of approach and avoidance motor actions on food intake

Not quite a revolution: Scrutinizing organizational neuroscience in leadership studies

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