Nonverbal communication interface for collaborative virtual environments

Guye-Vuillème, Anthony; Çapın, Tolga; Pandžić, Igor S.; Thalmann, Nadia Magnenat; Thalmann, Daniel

doi:10.1007/bf01434994

Cited by 92 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our main question is the extent to which proxemics behavior might be observed in virtual reality, giving credence to the view that people tend to respond realistically to virtual events and situations. From the existing literature it seems that this is likely to be the case -see for example, [Bailenson, Blascovich, Beall and Loomis 2003;Bailenson, Blascovich, Beall and Loomis 2001;Blascovich 2002;Blascovich et al 2002;Friedman et al 2007;Guye-Vuilleme et al 1999;Wilcox, Allison, Elfassy and Grelik 2006].…”

Section: If People Have This Illusion and Ifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxemics with multiple dynamic characters in an immersive virtual environment

Llobera

Spanlang

Ruffini

et al. 2010

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

129

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An experiment was carried out to examine the impact on electrodermal activity of people when approached by groups of 1 or 4 virtual characters to varying distances. It was premised on the basis of proxemics theory that the closer the approach of the virtual characters to the participant, the greater the level of physiological arousal. Physiological arousal was measured by the number of skin conductance responses within a short time period after the approach, and the maximum change in skin conductance level 5s after the approach. The virtual characters were each either female or a cylinder of human size, and 1 or 4 characters approached each subject a total of 12 times. Twelve male subjects were recruited for the experiment. The results suggest that the number of skin conductance responses after the approach and the change in skin conductance level increased the closer the virtual characters approached towards the participants. Moreover, these response variables were inversely correlated with the number of visits, showing a typical adaptation effect. There was some evidence to suggest that the number of characters who simultaneously approached (1 or 4) was positively associated with the responses. Surprisingly there was no evidence of a difference in response between the humanoid characters and cylinders on the basis of these physiological data. It is suggested the similarity in this quantitative arousal response to virtual characters and virtual objects might mask a profound difference in qualitative response, an interpretation supported by questionnaire and interview results. Overall the experiment supported the premise that people exhibit heightened physiological arousal the closer they are approached by virtual characters.

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Section: If People Have This Illusion and Ifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxemics with multiple dynamic characters in an immersive virtual environment

Llobera

Spanlang

Ruffini

et al. 2010

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

129

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“…A person might feel embarrassed or surprised when these rules are not adhered to and may try to back away if, for example, someone approaches them within the range of intimate distance, the inner most region in Figure 1, when this is not appropriate given the relationship between them. It has been shown that such proxemics rules tend to occur in virtual environments [Bailenson et al 2003;Bailenson et al 2001;Guye-Vuilleme et al 1999;Friedman et al 2007;Wilcox et al 2006] in relationships between people and virtual human characters, and recently it has been shown that proxemics violations generate physiological responses in people with respect to skin conductance as predicted by the theory [Llobera et al 2010]. …”

Section: ____________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement learning utilizes proxemics

Kastanis

Slater

2012

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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________________________________________________________________________A Reinforcement Learning (RL) method was used to train a virtual character to move participants to a specified location. The virtual environment depicted an alleyway displayed through a wide field-of-view head-tracked stereo head-mounted display. Based on proxemics theory we predicted that when the character approached within personal or intimate distance to the participants, they would be inclined to move backwards out of the way. We carried out a between-groups experiment with 30 female participants, with 10 assigned arbitrarily to each of the following three groups: In the Intimate condition the character could approach within 0.38m and in the Social condition no nearer than 1.2m. In the Random condition the actions of the virtual character were chosen randomly from amongst the same set as in the RL method, and the virtual character could approach within 0.38m. The experiment continued in each case until the participant either reached the target or 7 minutes had elapsed. The distributions of the times taken to reach the target showed significant differences between the three groups, with 9 out of 10 in the Intimate condition reaching the target significantly faster than the 6 out of 10 who reached the target in the Social condition. Only 1 out of 10 in the Random condition reached the target. The experiment is an example of applied presence theory: we rely on the many findings that people tend to respond realistically in immersive virtual environments, and use this to get people to achieve a task of which they had been unaware. This method opens up the door for many such applications where the virtual environment adapts to the responses of the human participants with the aim of achieving particular goals.

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“…Further important contributions include the work of Badler et al on animated humans [1]; Tu and Terzopolous' work on simulating fishes [27]; Blumberg and Galyean's "Silas T. Dog'" [3], Perlin and Goldberg's "IMPROV" system [23] and the work of Gratch, Johnson and Marsella [12,19]. We mostly deal with non-verbal communication, which is a major sub-field of behaviour simulation with a long research history including the work of Cassell and her group [4,5,29]; Pelachaud and Poggi [22] and Guye-Vuillème et al [11]. The two types of behaviour we are using are gesture which has been studied by Cassell et al [4] and posture which has been studied by Cassell et al [5] and by Bécheiraz and Thalmann [2].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, though markup languages are an important step towards making it easier to specify behaviour they are a long way from the usability of graphical tools. There have also been tools for designing the content of behaviour, for example designing gestures [11], however, these tools do not address the autonomous aspects, i.e. how to decide which behaviour to perform in a given context.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Direct Manipulation Interfaces to Customizing Player Character Behaviour

Gillies

2006

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. The ability to customize a players avatar (their graphical representation) is one of the most popular features of online games and graphical chat environments. Though customizing appearance is a common ability in most games, creating tools for customizing a character's behaviour is still a difficult problem. We propose a methodology, based on direct manipulation, that allows players to specify the type of behaviour they would like in a given context. This methodology is iterative, with the player performing a number of different customizations in different contexts. Players are also able to continue customizing their character during play, with commands that can have long term and permanent effects.

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Nonverbal communication interface for collaborative virtual environments

Cited by 92 publications

References 13 publications

Proxemics with multiple dynamic characters in an immersive virtual environment

Proxemics with multiple dynamic characters in an immersive virtual environment

Reinforcement learning utilizes proxemics

Applying Direct Manipulation Interfaces to Customizing Player Character Behaviour

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