Nonunion of Tibial Shaft Fractures Treated With Locked Intramedullary Nailing Without Bone Grafting

Exchange Nailing for Aseptic Nonunion of Femoral Shaft: A Retrospective Cohort Study for Effect of Reaming Size

“…38 (3) Osteogenic stimulation is caused by the trauma of reaming rather than the graft. 39,40 (4) The reinjury of reaming re-establishes medullary vascular continuity during repair. 41 (5) Added stability is provided by the larger nail.…”

The Ilizarov Method in Nonunion, Malunion and Infection of Fractures

“…Sometimes a bone graft may be added 4 and the surgical disturbance of the indolent fracture site, as in exchange nailing, is in itself regarded as a biological stimulus. 5 A high proportion of ununited fractures can be induced to heal by these means and malunion can often be corrected at the same time. These methods are, however, limited in their ability to deal with infection, segmental loss of bone, or shortening, and they involve extensive dissection around the fracture site for the realignment of severe malunion.…”

Estudo biomecânico da rigidez da osteossíntese com placas em ponte em tíbias de cadáveres humanos

“…The rate of infection was about 2% and that of non-union was less than 2% in the majority of the series. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In spite of this, the bridging plate continues to be an excellent treatment option, particularly at public healthcare centers, where the high cost of more modern intramedullary locking nails and the greater difficulty in access to these implants hinder their indiscriminate use. Now in humeral diaphyseal fractures, where the intramedullary locking nails do not show clear superiority in relation to the plates used conventionally by the principle of absolute stability, the use of bridging plates has been occurring more and more frequently, and with good results.…”