Nonunion of the Humerus Shaft

Nam, Tae-Seok; Choi, Ji Won; Kim, Ju Hyun; Kim, Soung Yon; Kim, Jung Jae; Chun, Jae Myeung

doi:10.12671/jkfs.2005.18.3.294

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the literature, iodate and periodate were analyzed by iodometry or comparative methods with arsenic compounds. Unfortunately, the exact protocols were not reported . We tested the standard protocol for iodometry and Belcher's approach for the sequential determination of iodate and periodate, but only found low accuracy and precision in both methods .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Further drawbacks are the use of toxic additives and expensive starting materials. In the most advanced synthetic access, periodate is directly generated from iodide, which is currently the source for commercial scale with the lowest molar cost in high quality (Scheme a) . However, the undivided cell necessitated the use of highly toxic anti‐reducing agents .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The “Green” Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate

et al. 2020

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High‐grade periodate is relatively expensive, but is required for many sensitive applications such as the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. These high costs originate from using lead dioxide anodes in contemporary electrochemical methods and from expensive starting materials. A direct and cost‐efficient electrochemical synthesis of periodate from iodide, which is less costly and relies on a readily available starting material, is reported. The oxidation is conducted at boron‐doped diamond anodes, which are durable, metal‐free, and nontoxic. The avoidance of lead dioxide ultimately lowers the cost of purification and quality assurance. The electrolytic process was optimized by statistical methods and was scaled up in an electrolysis flow cell that enhanced the space–time yields by a cyclization protocol. An LC‐PDA analytical protocol was established enabling simple quantification of iodide, iodate, and periodate simultaneously with remarkable precision.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Green” Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate

et al. 2020

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“…상완골 간부 골절은 전체 골절의 약 1-3% 정도를 차 지하며, 상완골 골절의 30~50%를 차지하는 것으로 알 려져 있다 11) . 상완골 골절에 있어 불유합은 드물지 않은 합병증으로 최고 15%까지 발생 할 수 있다는 보고가 있다 [2][3][4]18) .…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Compression Plate Fixation with Autogenous Bone Graft for Humerus Shaft Nonunion

Cho¹,

Song²,

Bae³

et al. 2009

The Journal of the Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society

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Purpose:To evaluate the results of the compression plate fixation and autogenous bone graft in the management of humerus shaft nonunion. Materials and Methods: Eighteen cases were treated for humerus shaft nonunion using compression plate fixation and an autogenous iliac bone graft. The mean follow-up period was 28 months. Bony union was confirmed from the serial radiographs and the clinical outcomes were assessed according to ASES scoring system. Results: In 12 cases of initial plate fixation, the causes of nonunion were 6 cases of inadequate plate length, 2 with a broken plate, 2 with screw loosening, 1 infection and 1 noncompliance of a psychiatric patient. In 3 cases of initial intramedullary fixation, the cause of nonunion was a distraction of the fracture site. In 3 cases of external fixation, the cause of nonunion was inadequate fixation. All cases showed bony union after an average of 24 weeks. The clinical outcomes were 11 excellent, 6 good and 1 fair. Conclusion: In the treatment for nonunion, compression plate fixation with autogeneous bone graft after complete removal of the fibrous and necrotic tissue is believed to give satisfactory results.

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“…1,2) But more severe displacements, such as those seen in multiple, comminuted, and open fractures, require surgical treatments; the demand for which has been on the rise. 3) Modalities of surgical treatment include locking plates, intramedullary nailing, external fixation, and etc. Although locking plates provides swift functional recovery by providing strong fixation, 4,5) intramedullary nailing which also provides sufficient fixation has the added advantages of minimal soft tissue damage and low infection rate, making it the preferred alternative treatment in recent yeras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Use of Single and Double Interlocking Distal Screws on a Polarus Intramedullary Nail for Humeral Shaft Fractures

Yang¹,

Kim

Kang

et al. 2015

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

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Background: Our aim was to make a comparative analysis of radiological and clinical outcomes of using either one or two interlocking distal screws on a Polarus intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2014, we enrolled 26 patients with humeral shaft fractures who were operated on using intramedullary nails. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to how many interlocking distal screws were used to lock the Polarus nail: in group 1, a single interlocking distal screw was used in 12 patients; and in group 2, double interlocking distal screws, in 14 patients. We compared the degree of recovery of the displaced fracture fragments between the two groups. To compare the nonunion and shoulder function, we assessed each patient's modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgerns (ASES) score. Results: We found that 10 of 12 fractures achieved union in group 1, and 13 of 14 fractures, in group 2. We did not find a meaningful difference in the time to bone union between the two groups. The percentage of recovery of displaced fracture fragments until union was 66.9% for group 1 and 59.41% for group 2. At the final follow-up, we found that the scores for shoulder joint modified ASES was 78.7 for group 1 and 80.7 for group 2. Conclusions: Our results show that if locked appropriately, even a single screw on a Polarus nail can provide satisfactory radiological union and improved clinical outcome after intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures.

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Nonunion of the Humerus Shaft

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The “Green” Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate

The “Green” Electrochemical Synthesis of Periodate

Compression Plate Fixation with Autogenous Bone Graft for Humerus Shaft Nonunion

Comparing the Use of Single and Double Interlocking Distal Screws on a Polarus Intramedullary Nail for Humeral Shaft Fractures

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