Nonuniformly Distributed Electronic Impedance Synthesizer

Abstract

Benefiting from advantageous features of fast tuning, small size, and easy integration, the electronic impedance synthesizer (EIS) has been developed for on-wafer load-pull characterization systems, tunable matching networks, reconfigurable devices and systems, and so on. The previous designs of the EIS were mostly based on the empirical data instead of a closed-form design. Moreover, incomplete figures of merit (FOM) were chosen to optimize and evaluate the EIS. In this paper, we propose and present, first of all, a semiclosed-form design procedure for the distributed EIS. Then, a particle swarm optimization method is introduced to optimize the proposed nonuniformly distributed EIS, which comprises an adjusting circuit and a nonuniformly distributed circuit. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed nonuniformly distributed structure can not only improve the Smith chart coverage but also reduce the size, compared to the uniform counterpart. The fabricated nonuniform EIS operating from 0.8 to 2.5 GHz, exhibits a good agreement between theory and measurement. Furthermore, the most comprehensive FOM are presented to evaluate the fabricated EIS.Index Terms-Electronic impedance synthesizer (EIS), electronic tuner, load-pull, nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), particle swarm optimization (PSO), reconfigurable device, tunable matching network (TMN).

Triple-Band Concurrent Reconfigurable Matching Network

“…The differences between the computed magnitudes which come out from simulations, and the feasible lumped real values requires some final tuning so that each subnetwork response resembles the ideal frequency behaviour. This final tuning process concerns not only the values of the matching network itself, but also takes into acount SMA-PCB connectors and vias hole electrical models [18]. Connectors have been modelled as a low pass lumped pi circuit using the following values: a 0.261 pF capacitor to input, 0.872 nH serial inductor and 0.244 pF capacitor to output, which come from a standard extraction procedure.…”

Data-Driven Identification of Governing Partial Differential Equations for the Transmission Line Systems

“…It is well known that transmission line systems, as the signal carrier, have been widely used in microwave circuits [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It is often assumed that homogeneous conductors are parallel to ground, and thereby the line parameters are uniform [1,2].…”

“…It is often assumed that homogeneous conductors are parallel to ground, and thereby the line parameters are uniform [1,2]. There are, however, some cases of sophisticated structures such as nonuniform transmission lines with strong longitudinal variation in the line parameters [3][4][5][6] and nonlinear transmission lines with nonlinear elements that may be nonlinear magnetic materials, nonlinear dielectric materials, or both [7]. This nonuniformity and nonlinearity bring nonlinear terms in the governing equations and make the system characterization and modeling very difficult.…”