“…Shear localization inside of granular bodies was experimentally studied with biaxial devices [5}8], with a simple shear apparatus [9], with an improved direct shear device [10], with a triaxial cell [11}13], with a torsional shear device [14] and by model tests with footings [15,16]. The behaviour of granular bodies along a wall with di!erent roughness was experimentally studied with a Casagrande shear apparatus [17}19], with an improved direct shear device [1,2], with a torsional ring shear apparatus [20}22], with a ring shear device [23], with a simple shear device by Roscoe [24], with a biaxial apparatus [1,25], with a Couette apparatus [22], with model silo tests [1,26] and with pull-out tests [10].…”