Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children in the Czech Republic in the period 2003-2018

Abstract

Aim. Comparision of the incidence of cervical lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in two equal time periods before and after the ending of widespread calmetization (tuberculosis vaccination). Backgroung. From 2011 to 2018, 89 children were registered in the Tuberculosis Register with cervical lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria, as confirmed by cultivation. In the majority of cases, the infection was caused by a mycobacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex. Only 7 cases of cervical lymphadenitis of the same etiology were registered during the same time interval between 2003 and 2010. The authors consider the ending of widespread calmetization (tuberculosis vaccination) in 2010 to be the main cause of the growing incidence. Method. A comparison of data for the period 2003-2018 about cases of the illness caused by atypical mycobacteria as reported in the Tuberculosis Register. Results. The average incidence per year in the first interval was 0.04/100 000 children and in the second interval 0.53/100 000 children. During the second time interval, there was an increase from 0.14/100 000 children in 2011 to 1.40/100 000 children in 2018. While the incidence during the first time interval did not show any time trend (P=0.885), the year 2010 marks a significant turning point, with growth during the second interval being highly statistically significant (P<0.001).

Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Seven articles were then excluded due to non-compliance. Finally, a total of 14 articles fully qualified the inclusion criteria [ 5 , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ]. These articles, all published in English, collectively involved 1352 NTM isolates.…”

River Sediments Downstream of Villages in a Karstic Watershed Exhibited Increased Numbers and Higher Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…In the Czech Republic, between the years 2003 and 2018, a total of 79% mycobacterioses were caused in children by M. avium (included in these statistics were M. avium and M. intracellulare ) [ 72 ]. In adult patients with mycobacteriosis, members of the M. avium–intracellulare complex were among the most common causative agents of infection [ 73 ].…”