Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Changing Epidemiology

Abstract

NTM are frequently isolated from Oregon residents; more than one-half of all isolates likely represent true disease. Pulmonary NTM is most common among elderly women, and M. avium causes most disease. Future efforts to monitor disease trends should be undertaken, and efforts made to validate the use of the ATS/IDSA microbiologic criteria alone to predict pulmonary NTM disease.

Microbiological criteria in non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease: a tool for diagnosis and epidemiology

“…Both incidence and prevalence of NTM-PD are higher in coastal than continental region which might reflect the NTM species distribution in these regions. NTM-PD incidence in Croatia is low compared to TB incidence as well as to NTM-PD incidence in North-Western Europe 4,26-28 , North America 11,17,22,29,30 , Australia 31 and Japan. 32 Similar disease incidence was recorded in Greece 33,34 and Sao Paulo region, Brasil.…”

“…Laboratory-based surveillance may be the most cost-effective method for estimating the NTM disease burden over time. 11,12 Our previous study, using only ATS/IDSA microbiologic criteria or stricter microbiologic criteria estimated the incidence of NTM-PD in Croatia to 0.61 and 0.23 per 100 000 population, respectively. 13 The disease proved most prevalent in older populations with three-fold increase in NTM-PD incidence in persons older than 50 years.…”

Clinical and Therapeutic Features of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…Recent studies have documented the emergence of NTM lung diseases in industrialized countries, such as the United States ( 4 , 5 ). The current prevalence estimated for PNTM is ≈6 cases/100,000 population, with the highest prevalence in persons >50 years of age ( 4 – 6 ).…”

“…The current prevalence estimated for PNTM is ≈6 cases/100,000 population, with the highest prevalence in persons >50 years of age ( 4 – 6 ). In many developing countries with a high prevalence of TB, the prevalence of PNTM among immunocompetent persons remains unknown, largely because of the lack of routine culture and species identification from samples of persons with suspected cases.…”

Susceptibility to non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease is influenced by rs1518111 in IL10

“…Estimates from Queensland, Australia, suggest a frequency of 22.1 persons per 100 000 in the population 1 . Known risk factors for disease include smoking, excessive alcohol intake, past tuberculosis and underlying lung diseases such as COPD and bronchiectasis 2,3 .…”