Nontuberculous mycobacterial bloodstream infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…The prognosis of NTM CRI management is generally favorable provided that the infected CVC is promptly removed. 39,46,49,50 Complications of NTM CRIs such as disseminated, multiorgan disease typically arise when the infected CVC is retained or when the diagnosis is delayed.…”

“…Although isolated lymphadenitis and limited organ involvement such as skin infection or pneumonia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in any extrapulmonary location without antecedent trauma or surgery should always prompt further evaluation for disseminated disease. 8,50,60,71,72 Less common presentations of NTM in immunosuppressed patients include long bone, vertebral body, maxillary sinus, and abdominal organ involvement such as liver, spleen, and peritoneum. 37,39,66,73,74 The high mortality rate is seen in these patients is primarily driven by the overall poor clinical condition of patients due to their underlying hematological malignancy, as well as significant difficulties and delays in establishing a definitive diagnosis of disseminated NTM disase.…”

“…Identifying M. mucogenicum or any other RGM from blood cultures should always be considered significant, and CRI should be a primary consideration. The prognosis of NTM CRI management is generally favorable provided that the infected CVC is promptly removed 39,46,49,50 . Complications of NTM CRIs such as disseminated, multiorgan disease typically arise when the infected CVC is retained or when the diagnosis is delayed.…”

Catheter-related bloodstream Mycobacterium wolinskyi infection in an umbilical cord blood transplant recipient: a case report

“…In hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are the most commonly encountered NTM infectious complications [ 6 , 7 ], mostly caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) [ 7 ], which are defined as mycobacteria growing within 7 days [ 8 ]. They may grow in routine blood culture media after 3–4 days of incubation [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Bloodstream infections with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria

“…They have a predilection for causing disease in special patient populations, including immunosuppressed patients and those with anatomic barrier disruption. Due to increase in the number of individuals with immunosuppression, the management of RGM infections is of a great importance [15] , [16] . For this reason, we aim to contribute to the literature by sharing our experience with RGM bloodstream infection (BSI) at a multi-site tertiary hospital system.…”