Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Household Plumbing as Possible Cause of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Tichenor, Wellington S.; Thurlow, Jennifer; McNulty, Steven G.; Brown‐Elliott, Barbara A.; Wallace, Richard J.; Falkinham, Joseph O.

doi:10.3201/eid1810.120164

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, the region of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced in this study excluded the base pair substitution at position 450 that distinguishes M. chimaera from M. intracellulare; therefore, these clones might have represented M. chimaera (3). The percentage of sites positive for NTM using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was similar to that with culture techniques (1,6). Together, these studies indicate that M. intracellulare is absent from U.S. household water systems, in contrast to the prevalence of M. avium (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Environmental household water and biofilm isolates identified as M. intracellulare were also obtained from one previously published study of mycobacterial sinusitis (6) and two previously published studies of pulmonary disease (1, 2), as well as an additional unpublished study of pulmonary disease comparing household biofilm and clinical MAC isolates (17) ( Table 1). Cultures for each of these four studies were prepared in the same laboratory (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University, Blacksburg, VA) with recovered MAC isolates that had been frozen until the time of the current study.…”

Section: Patients and Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolates from eight patients with mycobacterial sinusitis and from their household water were also included for study (6). The patients were from multiple states and two large cities in the United States (Table 1).…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then expanded the household study to reassess water and biofilm isolates from three additional published studies (1,2,6) and one additional unpublished respiratory study in an attempt to validate this initial finding (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both M. avium and M. intracellulare have been recovered from sputum, sinus, and household or potable water samples in multiple countries, including the United States and Japan (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In the majority of these studies, either hybridization probe methods (AccuProbe; Hologic Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, CA) or a multiplex 16S rRNA gene PCR was used for identification (1,5,9,10).…”

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Absence of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Presence of Mycobacterium chimaera in Household Water and Biofilm Samples of Patients in the United States with Mycobacterium avium Complex Respiratory Disease

et al. 2013

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f Recent studies have shown that respiratory isolates from pulmonary disease patients and household water/biofilm isolates of Mycobacterium avium could be matched by DNA fingerprinting. To determine if this is true for Mycobacterium intracellulare, household water sources for 36 patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease were evaluated. MAC household water isolates from three published studies that included 37 additional MAC respiratory disease patients were also evaluated. Species identification was done initially using nonsequencing methods with confirmation by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. M. intracellulare was identified by nonsequencing methods in 54 respiratory cultures and 41 household water/biofilm samples. By ITS sequencing, 49 (90.7%) respiratory isolates were M. intracellulare and 4 (7.4%) were Mycobacterium chimaera. In contrast, 30 (73%) household water samples were M. chimaera, 8 (20%) were other MAC X species (i.e., isolates positive with a MAC probe but negative with species-specific M. avium and M. intracellulare probes), and 3 (7%) were M. avium; none were M. intracellulare. In comparison, M. avium was recovered from 141 water/biofilm samples. These results indicate that M. intracellulare lung disease in the United States is acquired from environmental sources other than household water. Nonsequencing methods for identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (including those of the MAC) might fail to distinguish closely related species (such as M. intracellulare and M. chimaera). This is the first report of M. chimaera recovery from household water. The study underscores the importance of taxonomy and distinguishing the many species and subspecies of the MAC. P revious studies have suggested household water (especially from bathroom showers) as a source of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which causes chronic lung disease (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Both M. avium and M. intracellulare have been recovered from sputum, sinus, and household or potable water samples in multiple countries, including the United States and Japan (1, 4-8). In the majority of these studies, either hybridization probe methods (AccuProbe; Hologic Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, CA) or a multiplex 16S rRNA gene PCR was used for identification (1, 5, 9, 10). Isolates positive with the MAC probe but negative with the species-specific M. avium and M. intracellulare probes are collectively referred to as MAC X species.Currently We recently completed a study of variable-number tandemrepeat (VNTR) typing of clinical isolates of M. intracellulare using ITS sequencing to confirm the species designation (7). We then began household water biofilm studies for some of our patients and performed species identification and VNTR genotyping for MAC isolates as needed.Preliminary studies suggested that respiratory isolates of M. intracellulare indeed belonged to that species based on ITS sequencing (7) but that biofilm isolates thought to be M. intracellulare were actually M. chimaera ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Patients and Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Presence of Mycobacterium chimaera in Household Water and Biofilm Samples of Patients in the United States with Mycobacterium avium Complex Respiratory Disease

et al. 2013

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Evaluation of bacterial transmission to the paranasal sinuses through sinus irrigation

Hauser¹,

Kingdom³

et al. 2016

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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In vivoshort-term exposure to residual oil fly ash impairs pulmonary innate immune response against environmental mycobacterium infection

2013

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Epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation induces adverse health effects causing broad ambient respiratory diseases. Therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. Environmental mycobacteria (EM) are opportunist pathogens that can affect a variety of immune compromised patients, which impacts significantly on human morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) pre-exposure on the pulmonary response after challenge with opportunistic mycobacteria by means of an acute short-term in vivo experimental animal model. We exposed BALB/c mice to ROFA and observed a significant reduction on bacterial clearance at 24 h post infection. To study the basis of this impaired response four groups of animals were instilled with (a) saline solution (Control), (b) ROFA (1 mg kg(-1) BW), (c) ROFA and EM-infected (Mycobacterium phlei, 8 × 10(6) CFU), and (d) EM-infected. Animals were sacrificed 24 h postinfection and biomarkers of lung injury and proinflammatory madiators were examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Our results indicate that ROFA was able to produce an acute pulmonary injury characterized by an increase in bronchoalveolar polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells influx and a rise in O2 (-) generation. Exposure to ROFA before M. phlei infection reduced total cell number and caused a significant decline in PMN cells recruitment (p < 0.05), O2 (-) generation, TNFα (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels. Hence, our results suggest that, in this animal model, the acute short-term pre-exposure to ROFA reduces early lung response to EM infection.

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Household Plumbing as Possible Cause of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Absence of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Presence of Mycobacterium chimaera in Household Water and Biofilm Samples of Patients in the United States with Mycobacterium avium Complex Respiratory Disease

Absence of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Presence of Mycobacterium chimaera in Household Water and Biofilm Samples of Patients in the United States with Mycobacterium avium Complex Respiratory Disease

Evaluation of bacterial transmission to the paranasal sinuses through sinus irrigation

In vivoshort-term exposure to residual oil fly ash impairs pulmonary innate immune response against environmental mycobacterium infection

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