Nontraumatic orbital hemorrhage

Spontaneous Unilateral Subperiosteal Hematoma in the Orbit due to Self-Induced Asphyxia: Unusual Cause of Unilateral Exophthalmos

“…This type of bleeding tends to be bound to systemic diseases, localized malformations, neoplasia, infections/inflammations, or simply an increase in venous pressure/intracranial pressure due to Valsalva maneuver [123, 5, 6, 7, 8]. These can be diffuse, extraperiosteal (rectus sheath muscles) [7], or subperiosteal.…”

“…Bleeding through venous pressure is believed to happen due to rupture of bridging veins crossing the periosteal space [2, 4] and the orbital bone. Due to fewer attachment sites between the periosteum and the superior bony orbital wall, blood tends to pool in this area, giving the typical biconvex configuration of a subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage in MRI and computed tomography imaging.…”

“…Out of those subperiosteal bleedings due to exercise [4, 8] and newborns with complicated delivery (dystocia) [1, 2], one of the most common causes of nontraumatic subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage is vomiting [1, 2]. The majority of these spontaneous bleedings are reported in women between 20 and 73 years of age [123].…”

“…The more uncommon nontraumatic orbital bleedings have been reported due to vascular malformations (normally presenting diffuse bleeding). Of bleedings with nontraumatic etiology, subperiosteal bleedings are probably the second most common [1, 2]. Here, we present an unusual case of a patient that had a spontaneous subperiosteal hemorrhage due to self-strangulation or, in other words, due to increased intracranial venous pressure.…”

Non-traumatic subperiosteal haematoma

“…However, in that review I was able to identify 33 cases of NTSOH occurring in the setting of a sudden rise in cranial venous pressure, 11 of these after vomiting, and the others in various settings such as child birth, scuba diving, strangulation, or weightlifting. 3 These 33 cases could be found by standard means of literature review.…”