Nontraumatic orbital emergencies: a pictorial essay — CT and MRI features for an imaging findings-based approach

Cellina, Michaela; Cè, Maurizio; Irmici, Giovanni; Martinenghi, C; Marziali, Sara; Khenkina, Natallia; Ierardi, Anna Maria; Oliva, Giancarlo; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo

doi:10.1007/s10140-022-02047-z

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The cause of obstruction can affect any level of the lacrimal drainage pathway 2 as a result of idiopathic inflammation, fibrosis, or scarring of the nasolacrimal duct. 3,4 Another possibility is represented by functional obstructions. Functional obstructions are an underdiagnosed entity, consisting of the manifestation of epiphora in the presence of a patent lacrimal pathway and the absence of alternative possible etiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cause of obstruction can affect any level of the lacrimal drainage pathway 2 as a result of idiopathic inflammation, fibrosis, or scarring of the nasolacrimal duct. 3,4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Proper imaging is essential to confirm the diagnosis and assess the exact level of the obstruction to plan the most appropriate treatment. 4,14 However, it might be challenging to accurately pinpoint the location and degree of stenosis/ obstruction while evaluating the nasolacrimal duct. 14 Lacrimal drainage can be studied using different imaging modalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-contrast MR dacryocystography for the evaluation of epiphora and recurrent dacryocystitis: A preliminary study

et al. 2022

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Introduction Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage represents a common ophthalmologic issue. The blockage may interest any level of the lacrimal drainage pathway, and it is important to find the site of obstruction to plan the most appropriate treatment. In this study, findings from magnetic resonance (MR) dacryocystography were compared with findings from endoscopic and surgical procedures to evaluate the accuracy of MR dacryocystography in localizing the site of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods We enrolled twenty-one patients with clinical suspicion of nasolacrimal duct obstruction who underwent dacryoendoscopy and surgery. MR dacryocystography was performed with a heavily T2-weighted fast spin echo sequence in the coronal planes. Before the MRI was performed, a sterile 0.9% NaCl solution was administered into both conjunctival sacs. For each examination, two independent readers (with 8 and 10 years of experience in head and neck imaging) evaluated both heavily 3D space T2-weighted and STIR sequences. Results Stenosis/obstruction of nasolacrimal duct or lacrimal sac was diagnosed in all 21 patients who underwent MRI dacryocystography. In particular, the site of the obstruction was classified as lacrimal sac in 12 (57%) patients, nasolacrimal duct in 6 (29%) patients, and canaliculi in 3 (14%) patients by both readers. By comparison with the evidence resulting from the endoscopy, there were differences between MRI dacryocystography and dacryoendoscopy in the evaluation of the obstruction’s site in three patients, with an overall accuracy of 85.7%. Conclusion MR dacryocystography allows a non-invasive evaluation of the lacrimal drainage pathway, valid for the planning of the most appropriate treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cause of obstruction can affect any level of the lacrimal drainage pathway 2 as a result of idiopathic inflammation, fibrosis, or scarring of the nasolacrimal duct. 3,4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%