Nontimber forest product extraction, utilization and valuation: A case study from the Nilgiri Biosphere reserve, southern India

Global dry forests: a prologue

“…-Livelihoods studies tend to have a narrow focus on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and small enterprises, and little is known, for example, about the role of direct provisioning and subsistence usage (see Narendran et al 2001;Mahapatra and Tewari 2005;Waeber et al 2012). -Research into community forestry, although well developed, tends to include other forest types, meaning that dry-forest-specific conclusions are not given.…”

Implications of Impacts of Climate Change on Forest Product Flows and Forest Dependent Communities in the Western Ghats, India

“…In the context of this paper forest products refer to Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) including grass, fruits, seeds, flowers, gum, bamboo, honey and medicinal plants. Various studies conducted in different parts of India have shown that there is a large dependence of local communities on these forest products for subsistence as well as commercial purposes (Malhotra et al 1991;Appasamy 1993;Tewari and Campbell 1995;Ravindranath et al 1996;Kodandapani et al 2001;Bhat et al 2005;.…”

Socioeconomic factors affecting non-timber forest product collection in the Komi Republic, Russia.

“…ethnicity was an important factor that affected NTFP collection. Non-timber forest products contributed from 24 to 35% of per capita household incomes among the Todas, while among the Kurumbas, Irulas, Kothas, Paniyas, Cholanayakas, the contribution ranged from 41 to 68% of per capita incomes (Narendran et al, 2001).…”

“…In India for example, in 2001, it was estimated that 50 million people live along the periphery of forests. Many of those people rely upon NTFPs such as fuel wood, charcoal, honey, resin, spices, and raw materials for handicrafts made from rattan, vines, bamboo, and grasses for both subsistence and cash income (Narendran et al, 2001). In addition to providing daily livelihood requirements, the sale of NTFPs can also provide a safety net during difficult economic times (Shaankar et al, 2004), particularly in places where other income assistance is either limited or not available.…”

“…These factors affect who gathers, what, and why they gather. Some of the socioeconomic factors encountered in the NTFP literature are: gender (e.g., Bisong and Ajake, 2001;, age (e.g., Arnold and Ruiz-Perez, 2001;Anderson et al, 2003), educational level (e.g., Egbule and Omolola, 2005;Anderson et al, 2003), occupational type (e.g., Bisong and Ajake, 2000;Anderson et al, 2003), household size (e.g., Quang and Anh, 2006;Svarrer and Olsen, 2005), income level (e.g., Godoy et al 1995;Anderson et al, 2003), ethnicity (e.g., Narendran et al, 2001;Anderson et al, 2003), rural versus urban lifestyle, product prices, market demand, culture and tradition (e.g., Thoan, 2004), debt level, distance to forest (e.g., Gunatilake, 1998), and forest policy (e.g., Pandit and Thapa, 2003).…”