Nonthermal Plasma Processing for Air‐Pollution Control: A Historical Review, Current Issues, and Future Prospects

Kim, Hyun‐Ha

doi:10.1002/ppap.200400028

Cited by 615 publications

(374 citation statements)

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“…Briefly, the primary ions produced by positive corona discharge in air (e.g., N 2 ϩ• and O 2 ϩ• ) are not detected because they are quantitatively converted via highly efficient exothermic ion/molecule reactions into hydrates of the hydronium ion, H 3 O ϩ (H 2 O) n , which are the major "background" positive ions. The cluster size distribution depends on the APCI source temperature and on the amount of residual humidity in the apparatus: typically at 30°C and at low values of V cone complexes with n ϭ 2, 3, and 4 are detected, the most abundant being usually H 3 O ϩ (H 2 O) 3 . Other ions observed, although in lower abundance, are the hydrates NO ϩ (H 2 O) n , with n ϭ 1-3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…Research and development are very active in this latter field, which comprises not only air [2,3] but, more recently, also water treatment processes [4]. For air pollution control, different types of reactors and power supplies are being developed and tested for production of nonthermal plasmas by means of electrical discharges [3]. Following an initial phase devoted to prove the feasibility and competitiveness of the process in terms of energy and cost efficiency, research is presently focusing on the characterization of the chemistry-i.e., the products being released and the underlying chemical mechanisms-to develop a more efficient and cleaner process [5].…”

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A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

Marotta

Paradisi

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The positive APCI-mass spectra in air of linear (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane), branched [2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,2-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (i-octane)], and cyclic (cyclohexane) alkanes were analyzed at different mixing ratios and temperatures. The effect of air humidity was also investigated. Complex ion chemistry is observed as a result of the interplay of several different reagent ions, including atmospheric ions O 2 ϩ• , NO ϩ , H 3 O ϩ , and their hydrates, but also alkyl fragment ions derived from the alkanes. Some of these reactions are known from previous selected ion/molecule reaction studies; others are so far unreported. The major ion formed from most alkanes (M) is the species [M Ϫ H] ϩ , which is accompanied by M ϩ• only in the case of n-octane. Ionic fragments of C n H 2nϩ1 ϩ composition are also observed, particularly with branched alkanes: the relative abundance of such fragments with respect to that of [M Ϫ H] ϩ decreases with increasing concentration of M, thus suggesting that they react with M via hydride abstraction. The branched C 7 and C 8 alkanes react with NO ϩ to form a C 4 H 10 NO ϩ ion product, which upon collisional activation dissociates via HNO elimination. The structure of t-Bu ϩ (HNO) is proposed for such species, which is reasonably formed from the original NO ϩ (M) ion/molecule complex via hydride transfer and olefin elimination. . For air pollution control, different types of reactors and power supplies are being developed and tested for production of nonthermal plasmas by means of electrical discharges [3]. Following an initial phase devoted to prove the feasibility and competitiveness of the process in terms of energy and cost efficiency, research is presently focusing on the characterization of the chemistry-i.e., the products being released and the underlying chemical mechanisms-to develop a more efficient and cleaner process [5].In nonthermal plasmas, which are conveniently produced by electric corona discharges in air at atmospheric pressure, high-energy electrons induce ionization, excitation, and dissociation of the bulk gas molecules, N 2 and O 2 . The resulting reactive species, ionic and neutral as well as thermalized electrons, can attack molecules of organic pollutants present in the air, such as hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and initiate a chain of reactions leading eventually to their oxidation. It is generally accepted that nonthermal plasma-induced VOC oxidation proceeds via VOC-derived organic radicals, R • , which are trapped by molecular oxygen and undergo further reactions as described for their tropospheric oxidation [6], leading eventually to CO 2 . As for the origin of such VOC-derived radicals, i.e., the nature of the initiation steps of nonthermal plasma-induced VOC decay, reactions of VOC molecules with neutrals and radicals, notably O( 3 P) and • OH, are usually envisioned. However, increasing numbers of literature reports suggest that in some cases ionic initiation steps might prevail [7][8][9...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

Marotta

Paradisi

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…2,6 Additional features such as easy operation, moderate capital cost, and simple scalability have led to extensive research on packed bed DBDs. 7 Several studies which have used packing material in conjunction with plasma in a DBD have found enhanced performance in comparison to a plasma alone system; 2,3,6,[8][9][10][11][12] however, many studies have also reported a negative impact on the performance. 9,[13][14][15] This unfavorable response has been shown to be related to packing configuration and the void fraction of the discharge in the packed bed DBD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluid model for a partially packed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

Gadkari

2017

Physics of Plasmas

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In this work, a two-dimensional numerical \ud fluid model is developed for a partially\ud packed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in pure helium. In\ud fluence of packing on\ud the discharge characteristics is studied by comparing the results of DBD with partial\ud packing with those obtained for DBD with no packing. In the axial partial packing\ud configuration studied in this work, the electric field strength was shown to be en\ud hanced at the top surface of the spherical packing material and at the contact points\ud between the packing and the dielectric layer. For each value of applied potential,\ud DBD with partial packing showed an increase in the number of pulses in the current\ud profile in the positive half cycle of the applied voltage, as compared to DBD with\ud no packing. Addition of partial packing to the plasma-alone DBD also led to an\ud increase in the electron and ion number densities at the moment of breakdown. The\ud time averaged electron energy profiles showed that a much higher range of electron\ud energy can be achieved with the use of partial packing as compared to no packing\ud in a DBD, at the same applied power. The spatially and time averaged values over\ud one voltage cycle also showed an increase in power density and electron energy on\ud inclusion of partial packing in the DBD. For the applied voltage parameters studied\ud in this work, the discharge was found to be consistently homogeneous and showed\ud the characteristics of atmospheric pressure glow discharge

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“…The most important species utilized for the removal of gaseous pollutants in water containing air are radicals (e.g., O, OH, HO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) with different oxidation potentials. A detailed discussion of plasma chemical processes can be found in (Fridman 2008) and, especially for pollutants decomposition, in (Kim 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal plasma based decomposition of volatile organic compounds in industrial exhaust gases

Schmidt

Jõgi

Hołub

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The decomposition of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely butyl acetate, styrene, and methanol, by means of non-thermal plasma technology was investigated in different industrial exhaust gases. Although a great deal of effort on the investigation of these VOCs can be found in literature, data regarding the application in real exhaust gases are missing and provided in this contribution. Measurements were performed in an oil shale processing plant in Estonia and in a yacht hall production site in Poland. Up to 71 % of butyl acetate at a specific input energy (SIE) of about 220 J/L and more than 74 % of styrene and methanol at SIE [ 300 J/L were decomposed. The energy efficiency of the decomposition processes was analyzed as well as the products formed by the plasma process. Energy constants of k E \ 9.85 L/kJ for butyl acetate and k E \ 2.75 L/kJ for styrene and methanol were obtained. Most of the VOCs were partly oxidized to carbon monoxide and, to lesser extent, totally oxidized to carbon dioxide.

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Nonthermal Plasma Processing for Air‐Pollution Control: A Historical Review, Current Issues, and Future Prospects

Cited by 615 publications

References 167 publications

A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

Fluid model for a partially packed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

Non-thermal plasma based decomposition of volatile organic compounds in industrial exhaust gases

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