Nontarget Herbicide Losses from Application of Granular Ronstar to Container Nurseries

Gilliam, Charles H.; Fare, Donna C.; Beasley, Alexander E.

doi:10.24266/0738-2898-10.3.175

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Wide spacing allows more of a broadcast herbicide to fall between containers, where it may be more susceptible to transport with runoff water. Gilliam et al (1992) found that the amount of granular herbicide faIling between containers could range from 23 to 80% depending on container placement. Application to individual containers could decrease herbicide losses in runoff because the herbicide has to leach through the substrates to be available for loss in surface runoff (Gilliam et aI.…”

Section: Herhicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

et al. 1999

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Field trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of three application methods and two types of ground cover on the transport of metolachlor and simazine from container-grown junipers. Application methods used were broadcast spray, broadcast granules, and individual container applications. Woven ground cloth and woven ground cloth plus gravel were used as ground covers. The site received daily irrigation, and surface runoff was sampled and analyzed 0, 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 56 d after herbicide application. Application method had the greatest effect on herbicide concentrations in runoff. Herbicide application to individual containers resulted in lower simazine and metolachlor concentrations in runoff. Herbicide concentrations took longer to drop below detection levels in surface runoff from broadcast applications.

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Section: Herhicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

et al. 1999

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“…In general, herbicides are applied broadcast over the top of plants in containers with the spaces between containers also receiving herbicide treatment. The loss of granular herbicide formulation outside containers containing no plants was^shown to be 23 to 30% when containers were placed pot to pot and increased to 79 to 80% when contain ers were spaced on 30-cm centers (2). In comparing the effect of a plant in the container when spaced container to container the nontarget losses were 23, 30, and 27% for empty containers, azalea (Rhododendron sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Residues in Pond Water and Sediment from Container Plant Nurseries

et al. 1994

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A two-year herbicide residue study was conducted at a commercial nursery to determine the presence of herbicide residues in pond water and sediment following normal production cycles. The runoff water from irrigation and rainfall was contained on the nursery and reused for irrigation. The nursery site was approximately 60 ha with two interconnected ponds, one for containment of runoff water and one serving as a source of irrigation water. The most commonly used herbicides were oxyfluorfen plus pendimethalin (granular formulation-Ornamental Herbicide 2); approximately twice as much herbicide was applied during the second year of the study. Herbicide levels found in pond water and sediment were approximately two-fold greater during the second year corresponding to the increase in active ingredients applied. The highest concentration of oxyfluorfen found in water and sediment was 0.04 μg/ml and 4.0 μg/g, respectively. The highest concentration of pendimethalin found in water and sediment was 0.008 μg/ml and 14.3 μg/g, respectively. In irrigation water samples, the highest concentration of oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin detected was 0.005 μg/ml and 0.002 μg/ml, respectively. The herbicides did not accumulate in water or sediment over the two-year period. No landscape plant phytotoxicity problems are likely at the herbicide levels detected in irrigation water samples.

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“…Weed control in container plants is essential due to limited availability of nutrients, water, and space to the ornamental plant. Weeds in containers can reduce the growth of woody ornamentals by nearly 50% in a single growing season (Fretz 1972) and also decrease the aesthetic value of the plant (Gilliam et al 1992). It is estimated that nursery growers spend up to $9,880/ ha on manual removal of weeds in containers depending on weed species (Mathers 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide diversity of landscape plant species makes selecting an appropriate herbicide a challenging task (Watkins and Heggers 1982). Up to 80% of broadcast herbicide may settle into spaces between containers (Gilliam et al 1992). Herbicide that falls outside of the containers can leach or move off site with runoff water (Riley et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf-Waste Pellets as a Herbicide Carrier for Container-Grown Ornamental Plants

2006

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An organic herbicide carrier could help reduce misapplication and environmental pollution associated with spray application of herbicides. Pellets prepared from landscape leaves that were dried, ground, and pelletized were evaluated as a preemergence herbicide carrier for container-grown ornamental plants. Isoxaben, pendimethalin, and prodiamine at rates of 1.12, 2.25, and 2.25 kg ai/ha, respectively, with either water or landscape leaf-waste pellets as a carrier were applied to chrysanthemum ‘Lisa’, spirea ‘Neon Flash’, and wintercreeper ‘Coloratus’. Common groundsel, common purslane, and giant foxtail were seeded following herbicide application. Leaf-waste pellets as a carrier produced equivalent efficacy and phytotoxicity ratings to conventional spray application of pendimethalin and prodiamine on both chrysanthemum and wintercreeper. The leaf-waste pellets were not an effective carrier for the application of isoxaben alone. The pellets had inconsistent effects on spirea phytotoxicity and growth.

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Nontarget Herbicide Losses from Application of Granular Ronstar to Container Nurseries

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

Metolachlor and Simazine in Surface Runoff Water from a Simulated Container Plant Nursery

Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Residues in Pond Water and Sediment from Container Plant Nurseries

Leaf-Waste Pellets as a Herbicide Carrier for Container-Grown Ornamental Plants

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