Nonsurgical weight loss interventions: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Twells, Laurie; Walsh, Kristin Harris; Taylor, Alicia; Adey, Tanis; Donnan, Jennifer; Peddle, Justin; Ryan, Devonne; Farrell, Alison; Nguyen, Hai; Gao, Zhiwei; Pace, Dave

doi:10.1111/obr.13320

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While it has been shown to be not very effective in reducing body weight, it is well documented that increasing physical activity helps to maintain body weight at a lower level. 64 In addition, regular exercise, optimally a combination of endurance other important obesity-related health parameters. [65][66][67][68] However, it should be considered that many people with obesity show orthopaedic impairments that preclude a high level of physical activity.…”

Section: Implications For Anti-obesity Therapy 91 | Strengthening Top...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing physical activity is an important component of successful body weight management. While it has been shown to be not very effective in reducing body weight, it is well documented that increasing physical activity helps to maintain body weight at a lower level 64 . In addition, regular exercise, optimally a combination of endurance and resistance training, clearly improves body composition by increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass and by ameliorating many other important obesity‐related health parameters 65–68 .…”

Section: Implications For Anti‐obesity Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The ‘Behavioral Balance Model’: A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity

Schultes,

Ernst,

Hallschmid

et al. 2023

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a debilitating disease of global proportions that necessitates refined, concept‐driven therapeutic approaches. Policy makers, the public and even health care professionals, but also individuals with obesity harbour many misconceptions regarding this disease, which leads to prejudice, negative attitudes, stigmatization, discrimination, self‐blame, and failure to provide and finance adequate medical care. Decades of intensive, successful scientific research on obesity have only had a very limited effect on this predicament. We propose a science‐based, easy‐to‐understand conceptual model that synthesizes the complex pathogenesis of obesity including biological, psychological, social, economic and environmental aspects with the aim to explain and communicate better the nature of obesity and currently available therapeutic modalities. According to our integrative ‘Behavioral Balance Model’, ‘top‐down cognitive control’ strategies are implemented (often with limited success) to counterbalance the increased ‘bottom‐up drive’ to gain weight, which is triggered by biological, psycho‐social and environmental mechanisms in people with obesity. Besides offering a deeper understanding of obesity, the model also highlights why there is a strong need for multimodal therapeutic approaches that may not only increase top‐down control but also reduce a pathologically increased bottom‐up drive.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Anti-obesity Therapy 91 | Strengthening Top...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Anti‐obesity Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Behavioral Balance Model’: A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity

Schultes,

Ernst,

Hallschmid

et al. 2023

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Importantly, the CKD risk factors discussed above have been shown to be amenable to exercise interventions. The benefit of exercise training has been demonstrated in other disease populations, including improved blood pressure in elderly hypertensives and other groups [149,150]; improved glycaemic control in T2DM [151]; improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM and other populations [152,153]; and weight loss in overweight and obese adults [154].…”

Section: Ckd Risk Factors Are Amenable To Exercise Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Exercise Training in Delaying Kidney Function Decline in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease

Davies

Sandoo

Macdonald

2022

Kidney and Dialysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterised by declining eGFR and associated, particularly in advanced stages, with increased morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. Current treatment options for delaying disease progression are limited to a small number of pharmacological agents. Considering that rates of kidney function decline are greater in patients with lower levels of habitual physical activity, there is interest in the potential benefits of structured exercise training in delaying CKD progression. This discursive review summarises the current state-of-play in this field of research by critically analysing the published systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials of structured exercise training in the non-dialysis CKD population. Several issues are highlighted that hamper definite conclusions as to the therapeutic effectiveness of exercise training for this purpose. However, following an overview of the pathophysiology and risk factors for kidney function decline, several potential mechanisms explaining how exercise training may benefit CKD progression are offered. Finally, suggestions for future research in this area are made. The review concludes that there is a need for further research on the effectiveness of exercise before it can be recommended as part of routine care for the purpose of delaying CKD progression. Exercise can be recommended, however, to individual patients because of a potential benefit to kidney function, and definite benefits to other outcomes such as quality of life, with no apparent evidence of harm.

show abstract

“…Lifestyle intervention for obesity, including reduced-calorie diet, increased physical activity and behavioral therapy ( Jensen et al, 2014 ), is an effective and widely used weight loss strategy ( Curioni and Lourenco, 2005 ; Douketis et al, 2005 ; Franz et al, 2007 ; Webb and Wadden, 2017 ). However, there is a considerable variability in treatment response across individuals ( Curioni and Lourenco, 2005 ; MacLean et al, 2011 ; Twells et al, 2021 ). Understanding the potential predictors of success in weight loss interventions can lead to development of effective tailored treatment strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal profile of altered neural reactivity to food images in obesity: Reward system is altered automatically and predicts efficacy of weight loss intervention

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionObesity presents a significant public health problem. Brain plays a central role in etiology and maintenance of obesity. Prior neuroimaging studies have found that individuals with obesity exhibit altered neural responses to images of food within the brain reward system and related brain networks. However, little is known about the dynamics of these neural responses or their relationship to later weight change. In particular, it is unknown if in obesity, the altered reward response to food images emerges early and automatically, or later, in the controlled stage of processing. It also remains unclear if the pretreatment reward system reactivity to food images is predictive of subsequent weight loss intervention outcome.MethodsIn this study, we presented high-calorie and low-calorie food, and nonfood images to individuals with obesity, who were then prescribed lifestyle changes, and matched normal-weight controls, and examined neural reactivity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We performed whole-brain analysis to explore and characterize large-scale dynamics of brain systems affected in obesity, and tested two specific hypotheses: (1) in obese individuals, the altered reward system reactivity to food images occurs early and automatically, and (2) pretreatment reward system reactivity predicts the outcome of lifestyle weight loss intervention, with reduced activity associated with successful weight loss.ResultsWe identified a distributed set of brain regions and their precise temporal dynamics that showed altered response patterns in obesity. Specifically, we found reduced neural reactivity to food images in brain networks of reward and cognitive control, and elevated reactivity in regions of attentional control and visual processing. The hypoactivity in reward system emerged early, in the automatic stage of processing (< 150 ms post-stimulus). Reduced reward and attention responsivity, and elevated neural cognitive control were predictive of weight loss after six months in treatment.DiscussionIn summary, we have identified, for the first time with high temporal resolution, the large-scale dynamics of brain reactivity to food images in obese versus normal-weight individuals, and have confirmed both our hypotheses. These findings have important implications for our understanding of neurocognition and eating behavior in obesity, and can facilitate development of novel integrated treatment strategies, including tailored cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological therapies.

show abstract

Nonsurgical weight loss interventions: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses

Cited by 24 publications

References 92 publications

The ‘Behavioral Balance Model’: A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity

The ‘Behavioral Balance Model’: A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity

The Role of Exercise Training in Delaying Kidney Function Decline in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease

Spatiotemporal profile of altered neural reactivity to food images in obesity: Reward system is altered automatically and predicts efficacy of weight loss intervention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About