Nonsulfide Zinc Mineralization in Europe: An Overview

Boni, Maria; Large, D.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.98.4.715

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.011 of dilute paramagnetic species (i.e., those with at least one unpaired electron ;Calas, 1988;Pan et al, 2002;Weil and Bolton, 2007). Hemimorphite, Zn 4 (Si 2 O 7 )(OH) 2 ÁH 2 O, is a common mineral (and often important ore) in the oxidized parts of zinc deposits (i.e., non-sulfide Zn deposits; Takahashi, 1960;Boni and Large, 2003;Hitzman et al, 2003;Coppola et al, 2008) and has been reported to occur in Zn mine tailings as well (Walder and Chavez, 1995;Day and Bowell, 2005;Espiari et al, 2006;Schaider et al, 2007;Cabala et al, 2009). EPR spectra presented herein show for the first time that natural hemimorphite contains lattice-bound arsenate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Particularly, hemimorphite is often a major ore mineral (up to 40 modal%) in non-sulfide Zn deposits (Takahashi, 1960;Boni and Large, 2003;Hitzman et al, 2003;Balassone et al, 2008;Coppola et al, 2008). Therefore, the shear volume of this mineral makes it an important sink for As in these non-sulfide Zn deposits.…”

Section: Hemimorphite As a Natural Sink For As In Zn Deposits And Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemimorphite as a natural sink for arsenic in zinc deposits and related mine tailings: Evidence from single-crystal EPR spectroscopy and hydrothermal synthesis

Mao

Lin

Pan

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Hemimorphite As a Natural Sink For As In Zn Deposits And Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemimorphite as a natural sink for arsenic in zinc deposits and related mine tailings: Evidence from single-crystal EPR spectroscopy and hydrothermal synthesis

Mao

Lin

Pan

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…It is difficult to be sure which Zn compounds were used at the time of the Pozzino. Zinc minerals were generically referred to as "calamina," a name denoting different combinations of silicate/ carbonate/oxide, which could be found in nature, together with ores of other metals, such as Pb, Cu, Fe, or Ag (14). In therapy, great importance was attributed to zinc oxide, which was artificially obtained during the casting of copper from minerals also containing zinc ores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingredients of a 2,000-y-old medicine revealed by chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations

Giachi¹,

Pallecchi²,

Romualdi³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In archaeology, the discovery of ancient medicines is very rare, as is knowledge of their chemical composition. In this paper we present results combining chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations on the well-preserved contents of a tin pyxis discovered onboard the Pozzino shipwreck (second century B.C.). The contents consist of six flat, gray, discoid tablets that represent direct evidence of an ancient medicinal preparation. The data revealed extraordinary information on the composition of the tablets and on their possible therapeutic use. Hydrozincite and smithsonite were by far the most abundant ingredients of the Pozzino tablets, along with starch, animal and plant lipids, and pine resin. The composition and the form of the Pozzino tablets seem to indicate that they were used for ophthalmic purposes: the Latin name collyrium (eyewash) comes from the Greek name κoλλύ ρα, which means "small round loaves." This study provided valuable information on ancient medical and pharmaceutical practices and on the development of pharmacology and medicine over the centuries. In addition, given the current focus on natural compounds, our data could lead to new investigations and research for therapeutic care. We present results combining chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations on the well-preserved contents of a tin pyxis. This pyxis was found onboard the Pozzino shipwreck discovered on the seabed of the Baratti Gulf (Fig. S1) at a depth of about 18 m near the remains of the Etruscan city of Populonia (Tuscany, Piombino, Italy) (4-6). The shipwreck was discovered in 1974 and the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana (archaeological authorities of Tuscany) undertook the first exploration in 1982 and archaeological excavation during [1989][1990]. The ship consisted of a small hull (15-18 m long and about 3 m wide) preserved only in the central part and inclined in the direction east-west, with the stern probably facing west. It was dated to the second half of the second century B.C. (probably 140-130 B.C.) on the basis of the archaeological findings. At that time, Populonia was of primary importance along the seatrade routes between the West and East, and this shipwreck bears witness to the republican trades across the Mediterranean Sea. Many interesting objects were found during the excavations, among them Sirian-Palestinian glass bowls, still stacked; WestSlope ware from Pergamon; some lagynoi; Rodian amphoras for wine transport; lamps of Ephesian origin; several tin and bronze vessels, such as one-handled jugs (one with a filter spout); oinochoai with trefoil mouths; ladles; and one inkwell, all of which came from the same geographical area. Such objects suggest that the ship, or at least a great part of its cargo, came from the east, probably the Greek coasts or islands. It is very likely that the ship was first equipped in the free harbor of the island of Delos (4, 5). The cargo also included medical equipment: numerous tin pyxides and 136 wooden vials were found close to an iro...

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“…Supergene oxidation, or near-surface weathering, of primary carbonate-hosted Zn sulfide minerals results in secondary minerals such as smithsonite (ZnCO 3 ), hydrozincite (Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 ), or hemimorphite (Zn 4 Si2O 7 (OH)2·(H 2 O)), which were commonly the first minerals to be economically recovered (Boni and Large, 2003, and references therein). Weathering of galena produces cerrusite (PbCO 3 ), anglesite (PbSO 4 ), or rarely phosgenite (Pb 2 (CO 3 )Cl 2 ).…”

Section: Supergene Ore and Gangue Characteristics Mineral Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an editorial, Gilg, Boni, and Cook (2008) describe the contents of a special issue in Ore Geology Reviews devoted to nonsulfide Zn-Pb deposits. Examples of non-sulfide Zn ± Pb deposits include Upper Silesia district, Sardinia, Italy, Irish Midlands district, the Alpine district in Italy and Austria, La Calamine district, Belgium, and the Reocin deposit, Spain (Boni and Large, 2003). Large nonsulfide zinc deposits (Mehdiabad, Irankuh, and Kuh-e-Surmeh) also occur in Iran (Reichert and Borg, 2008).…”

Section: Supergene Ore and Gangue Characteristics Mineral Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

Leach¹,

Taylor²,

Fey³

et al. 2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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Sample of spheroidal sphalerite with dendritic sphalerite, galena, and iron sulfides (pyrite plus marcasite) from the Pomorzany mine. Note the "up direction" is indicated by "snow-on-the-roof" texture of galena and sphalerite alnong colloform layers of light-colored spahlerite. Hydrothermal sulfide clasts in the left center of the sample are encrusted by sphalerire and iron sulfides. Size of sample is 20x13 cm. Photo by David Leach. Chapter A of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment COVER:Sample of spheroidal sphalerite with dendritic sphalerite, galena, and iron sulfides (pyrite plus marcasite) from Pomorzany mine. Note the "up direction" is indicated by "snow-on-the-roof" texture of galena and sphalerite along colloform layers of light-colored sphalerite. Hydrothermal sulfide clasts in the left center of the sample are encrusted by sphalerite and iron sulfides. For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. AbstractThis report is a descriptive model of Mississippi ValleyType (MVT) lead-zinc deposits that presents their geological, mineralogical and geochemical attributes and is part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to update existing models and develop new models that will be used for an upcoming national mineral resource assessment. This deposit modeling effort by the USGS is intended to supplement previously published models for use in mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments. Included in this report are geological, geophysical and geochemical assessment guides to assist in mineral resource estimation. The deposit attributes, including grade and tonnage of the deposits described in this report are based on a new mineral deposits data set of all known MVT deposits in the world.Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits are found throughout the world but the largest, and more intensely researched deposits occur in North America. The ores consist mainly of sphalerite, galena, and generally lesser amounts of iron sulfides. Silver is commonly an important commodity, whereas Cu is generally low, but is economically important in some deposits. Gangue minerals may include carbonates (dolomite, siderite, ankerite, calcite), and typically minor barite. Silicification of the host rocks (or quartz gangue) is generally minor, but may be abundant in a few deposits. The deposits have a broad range of rel...

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Nonsulfide Zinc Mineralization in Europe: An Overview

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

Hemimorphite as a natural sink for arsenic in zinc deposits and related mine tailings: Evidence from single-crystal EPR spectroscopy and hydrothermal synthesis

Hemimorphite as a natural sink for arsenic in zinc deposits and related mine tailings: Evidence from single-crystal EPR spectroscopy and hydrothermal synthesis

Ingredients of a 2,000-y-old medicine revealed by chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

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