Nonspecific adhesion of<i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>sporelings

Pringle, Ross B.

doi:10.1080/07060668109501396

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The findings of this study add to the growing body of evidence implicating polyhexosamine glycans as key adhesion factors for microorganisms. Work from the 1970's identified polygalactosamine compounds from Neurospora crassa and Bipolaris sorokiniana and suggested that they could potentially play a role in the adherence of fungal spores to glass surfaces 20,21. Similarly, a large number of gram positive and gram negative bacterial biofilms contain polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, which mediates adherence between bacteria and the surfaces they colonize [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Adherence to Host Constituents and Conceals Hyphal β-Glucan from the Immune System

et al. 2013

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Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive mold disease in humans. The mechanisms underlying the adherence of this mold to host cells and macromolecules have remained elusive. Using mutants with different adhesive properties and comparative transcriptomics, we discovered that the gene uge3, encoding a fungal epimerase, is required for adherence through mediating the synthesis of galactosaminogalactan. Galactosaminogalactan functions as the dominant adhesin of A. fumigatus and mediates adherence to plastic, fibronectin, and epithelial cells. In addition, galactosaminogalactan suppresses host inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, in part through masking cell wall β-glucans from recognition by dectin-1. Finally, galactosaminogalactan is essential for full virulence in two murine models of invasive aspergillosis. Collectively these data establish a role for galactosaminogalactan as a pivotal bifunctional virulence factor in the pathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Adherence to Host Constituents and Conceals Hyphal β-Glucan from the Immune System

et al. 2013

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“…The second stage of adhesion observed with conidia and germlings of B. cinerea appears to involve secretion of an ensheathing film referred to here as the fungal sheath. Although it has been assumed that the ''glairy film'' secreted by B. elliptica (6,29) and similar sheaths secreted by B. cinerea (1,19) and other fungi (3,21,23,24) were responsible for adhesion (3,19,21,23,24), there was little, if any, evidence to support this idea. Recently, work carried out with the rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae demonstrated a material secreted by hydrated uredospores (termed an adhesion pad) that remained attached to a substratum upon spore removal (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion of germlings of Botrytis cinerea

Doss

Potter

Soeldner

et al. 1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Adhesion of conidia and germlings of the facultative plant parasite Botrytis cinerea occurs in two distinct stages. The first stage, which occurs immediately upon hydration of conidia and is characterized by relatively weak adhesive forces, appears to involve hydrophobic interactions (R. P. Doss, S. W. Potter, G. A. Chastagner, and J. K. Christian, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1786-1791, 1993). The second stage of adhesion, delayed adhesion, occurs after viable conidia have been incubated for several hours under conditions that promote germination. At this time, the germlings attach strongly to either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substrata. Delayed adhesion involves secretion of an ensheathing film that remains attached to the substratum upon physical removal of the germlings. This fungal sheath, which can be visualized by using interference-contrast light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or atomic force microscopy, is 25 to 60 nm thick in the region immediately adjacent to the germ tubes. Germlings are resistant to removal by boiling or by treatment with a number of hydrolytic enzymes, 2.0 M periodic acid, or 1.0 M sulfuric acid. They are readily removed by brief exposure to 1.25 N NaOH. A base-soluble material that adheres to culture flask walls in short-term liquid cultures of B. cinerea is composed of glucose (about 30%), galactosamine (about 3%), and protein (30 to 44%). Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. is an important plant pathogen with an unusually broad host range (14). Infection with this fungus can be particularly damaging to fruit and flowers held in storage. Conidia are a primary inoculum source. The attachment process exhibited by conidia and germlings of Botrytis spp. has received limited study. Over 100 years ago, Ward (29) noted a ''glairy film'' secreted by ''organs of attachment'' of B. elliptica, a pathogen of lilies. Other investigators have suggested that a similar ensheathing film secreted by conidia and germ tubes of B. cinerea serves as a sort of fungal glue (1, 19). Indeed, such sheaths have been observed with many plant-pathogenic fungi and are generally assumed, without much evidence, to be responsible for attachment of fungal structures to the plant surface (21). Recently it has been found that attachment of conidia of B. cinerea occurs in two distinct stages (7). The first stage, immediate adhesion, occurs upon hydration of freshly deposited conidia. It is characterized by relatively weak adhesive forces and is strongest with hydrophobic substrata (7). The percentage of conidia remaining attached to a given substratum after washing greatly increases after several hours of incubation (7). This increase is indicative of delayed adhesion, which, unlike immediate adhesion, occurs only with viable conidia and is not influenced by the hydrophobicity of the substratum. This report describes results of a study carried out to learn more about the delayed adhesion process.

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“…Extracellular material encloses hyphae at epidermal cell junctions of E. viminalis roots, and labeling with the JIM 5 antibody of this material indicates a nonesterified pectin component. Mucilaginous material of a polysaccharide nature has been suggested to aid in binding or adhesion of fungal pathogens to plant cell surfaces (Lapp and Skoropad 1978;Nicholson and Epstein 1991;Pringle 1981). Whether such material is important to the adhesion of F. oxysporum Foeu1 to E. viminalis root cells has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultrastructural and cell wall modifications during infection of Eucalyptus viminalis roots by a pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain

Salerno¹,

Gianinazzi²,

Arnould³

et al. 2004

Journal of General Plant Pathology

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Fusarium species are soil-borne fungal pathogens that produce a variety of disease symptoms when attacking crop plants. The mode of root colonization of Eucalyptus viminalis seedlings by a pathogenic F. oxyporum strain (Foeu1) at the ultrastructural level and changes in cell wall pectin during host pathogen interactions are described. Root systems of E. viminalis plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum in an in vitro model system. Hyphae of F. oxysporum adhered to the outer epidermal cell walls through fibrillar material, and after penetration they spread into the internal tissues. They developed intercellularly and intracellularly in the root cortex and invaded vascular tissues. Papillae were induced, and the host plasma membrane ruptured in colonized cells, causing rapid host tissue and cell damage. Changes in distribution and occurrence of nonesterified and methyl-esterified pectins were evaluated after root colonization by F. oxysporum using two monoclonal antibodies, JIM 5 and JIM 7, respectively. Nonesterified pectin in control roots was mainly localized in the epidermal cell walls and middle lamellae in parenchymal cortex, whereas methyl-esterified pectin accumulated more in primary cell walls of the cortex and phloem. Decreases in immunodetected nonesterified and methyl-esterified pectins were associated with extensive plant tissue degradation after root colonization by the pathogenic fungus.

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Nonspecific adhesion ofBipolaris sorokinianasporelings

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Aspergillus Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Adherence to Host Constituents and Conceals Hyphal β-Glucan from the Immune System

Aspergillus Galactosaminogalactan Mediates Adherence to Host Constituents and Conceals Hyphal β-Glucan from the Immune System

Adhesion of germlings of Botrytis cinerea

Ultrastructural and cell wall modifications during infection of Eucalyptus viminalis roots by a pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain

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