Nonsignificant Associations Between Measures of Inhibitory Control and Walking While Thinking in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Sandroff, Brian M.; Benedict, Ralph H. B.; Motl, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.015

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…From a clinical standpoint, our study can potentially aid rehabilitation and management of PwMS: first, in terms of dual-task assessment. Several investigations have explored whether the cognitive-motor dual-task cost is related to MS symptoms with controversial conclusions (Wajda et al, 2013(Wajda et al, , 2015Learmonth et al, 2014;Sandroff et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relationship between static posturography measures and specific cognitive domains in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Kalron

2016

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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There are still limitations as to the understanding of the cognitive-postural control relationship in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The aim of the current study' was to examine the relationship between cognition with measures of posturography in PwMS. The study was cross-sectional comprising 253 PwMS (162 women) with a mean age of 42.0 (SD=14.0). All participants completed a computerized cognitive test battery designed to evaluate multiple cognitive domains (Mindstreams; NeuroTrax) and static posturography tests (Zebris Medical GmbH). PwMS were divided into four levels of disability on the basis of their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score: very mild (EDSS: 0-2.0), mild (EDSS: 2.5-3.5), moderate (EDSS: 4.0-5.5), and severe (EDSS: 6.0-6.5; using a walking aid). Significant correlations were observed between cognitive domains and posturography measures. However, the correlations were different between the disability subgroups. For the mild group, significant correlation scores were observed between the balance measures to the executive function and motor skills cognitive domains (Pearson's ρ=∼0.3 and ∼0.4, respectively). As for the moderate group, significant correlation scores were observed in memory and verbal function (Pearson's ρ=∼0.4 and ∼0.4, respectively). Attention was the only cognitive domain correlated significantly with posturography measures in the severe group (Pearson's ρ=∼0.55). Our study found that posturography measures are related to cognition in PwMS. However, the associations vary in terms of cognitive domains and disability levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relationship between static posturography measures and specific cognitive domains in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Kalron

2016

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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“…Motl et al ( 50 ) reported that both walking performance and cognitive processing speed (measured by the symbol digit modality test) correlated with walking DTC. Moreover, Sandroff et al ( 38 ) demonstrated a significant relationship between CMI and inhibitory control processes in HCs but not in pwMSs ( 38 ). Other cognitive functions, such as divided/alternating attention, response inhibition, set shifting, and working memory, were considered particularly relevant to DT walking ( 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing 16 Different Dual–Tasking Paradigms in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls: Working Memory Tasks Indicate Cognitive–Motor Interference

et al. 2020

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Background: Cognitive–motor interference (CMI) is measured by dual-tasking (DT), which involves motor and cognitive tasks. There is no consensus as to whether CMI is present in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: We investigated the effects of 16 DT conditions by measuring motor complexity, cognitive domain, and task difficulty. Method: In total, 40 persons with MS (pwMSs) with Expanded Disease Status Scale (EDSS) 3.2 ± 1.7 and 31 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) completed 2 single walking, 8 single cognitive, and 2 complex walking tasks and 16 cognitive–motor DT. The main outcomes were mean values of gait velocity and the percentage change from single to DT (motor DT costs, mDTCs) and mean values of cognitive task accuracy and the percentage changes (cognitive DTC, cDTC). Results: Two-way analyses of variance showed the main effect of cognitive task yielded an F ratio of F (4, 268) = 72.35, p < 0.01, for mean gait velocity, and an F ratio of F (4, 304) = 17.12, p < 0.001, for mDTC, indicating that the mean velocity was significantly lower and the mDTC significantly higher for DS_B (mean = 1.27, SD = 0.03, and mean = 13.52, SD = 1.28, respectively). The main effect of cognitive task yielded an F ratio of F (4, 116) = 84.32, p < 0.001, with the lowest average accuracy for DS_B (mean = 43.95, SD = 3.33); no effect was found for cDTC. In pwMSs, the EDSS accounted for 28% ( F = 13.65, p = 0.001) of variance in a model predicting the highest mDTC. Conclusions: Overall, among different cognitive tasks added, the Digit Span backward was the most interfering cognitive task over gait velocity and accuracy. The effect was similar independently from the motor complexity and the group. PwMSs and HCs behaved in a similar manner at all motor complexity levels and during all cognitive task.

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“…Cognitive-Motor Interference (CMI) during the walking trials was evaluated based on the change in speed (Sandroff et al, 2015a) and on the change in behavioral performance on the cognitive task across experimental conditions. DTC of WS (DTCW) was calculated as % change in WS (i.e., ((DualT − SingWalk)/(SingWalk))*100), with more negative values indicating larger reductions in WS under the DualT condition relative to the SingWalk condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, such declines might be a product of cognitive problems associated with MS (Diamond et al, 1997; DeLuca et al, 2004a,b; Beckmann et al, 2005; Lengenfelder et al, 2006; Dobryakova et al, 2016), given that successful dual-tasking requires divided attention and the ability to process information simultaneously from multiple internal or external sources. Yet, there is equivocal evidence regarding the association between the dual-task cost of walking (DTCW; i.e., the reduction in walking performance under single- vs. dual-task conditions) and cognition in MS (Motl et al, 2014; Sosnoff et al, 2014; Kirkland et al, 2015; Sandroff et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that relative to HCs, pwMS would demonstrate a pattern of higher premotor activation during dual-tasking relative to single tasks based on previous results from functional neuroimaging studies (Hillary et al, 2003; Rocca et al, 2009, 2012). This hypothesis is also based on the assumption that pwMS likely allocate more neural resources than HCs during dual-tasking to maximize safety by avoiding injury/falls (Sandroff et al, 2015a). We further hypothesized that in pwMS, patterns of PMC activation and behavioral DTC outcomes would be associated with measures of walking speed (WS) and neurocognitive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Premotor Areas in Dual Tasking in Healthy Controls and Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: An fNIRS Imaging Study

Saleh

Sandroff

Vitiello

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience declines in physical and cognitive abilities and are challenged by dual-tasks. Dual-tasking causes a drop in performance, or what is known as dual-task cost (DTC). This study examined DTC of walking speed (WS) and cognitive performance (CP) in pwMS and healthy controls (HCs) and the effect of dual-tasking on cortical activation of bilateral premotor cortices (PMC) and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA). Fourteen pwMS and 14 HCs performed three experimental tasks: (1) single cognitive task while standing (SingCog); (2) single walking task (SingWalk); and (3) dual-task (DualT) that included concurrent performance of the SingCog and SingWalk. Six trials were collected for each condition and included measures of cortical activation, WS and CP. WS of pwMS was significantly lower than HC, but neuropsychological (NP) measures were not significantly different. pwMS and HC groups had similar DTC of WS, while DTC of CP was only significant in the MS group; processing speed and visual memory predicted 55% of this DTC. DualT vs. SingWalk recruited more right-PMC activation only in HCs and was associated with better processing speed. DualT vs. SingCog recruited more right-PMC activation and bilateral-SMA activation in both HC and pwMS. Lower baseline WS and worse processing speed measures in pwMS predicted higher recruitment of right-SMA (rSMA) activation suggesting maladaptive recruitment. Lack of significant difference in NP measures between groups does not rule out the influence of cognitive factors on dual-tasking performance and cortical activations in pwMS, which might have a negative impact on quality of life.

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Nonsignificant Associations Between Measures of Inhibitory Control and Walking While Thinking in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

The relationship between static posturography measures and specific cognitive domains in individuals with multiple sclerosis

The relationship between static posturography measures and specific cognitive domains in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Comparing 16 Different Dual–Tasking Paradigms in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls: Working Memory Tasks Indicate Cognitive–Motor Interference

The Role of Premotor Areas in Dual Tasking in Healthy Controls and Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: An fNIRS Imaging Study

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