Nonreciprocal frequency doubler of electromagnetic waves based on a photonic crystal

Kuzmiak, Vladimír

doi:10.1103/physrevb.66.235208

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…For photonics to become a realistic alternative to electronics, compact integrated optical analogs of one-way electronic devices such as diodes and transistors, are needed. The effect of unidirectional propagation can generally occur in both reciprocal and nonreciprocal structures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . In several papers published recently the authors claimed nonreciprocity on the basis of the on the basis of various effects observed in the behavior electromagnetic propagation in linear, time-independent structures consisting of materials described by symmetric (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may also occur due solely due to the geometry of the structure [10][11][12] . Most of the nonreciprocal devices and one-way devices are based on nonlinear optics and magneto-optical (MO) effects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Except for the isolators based on material nonlinearity [4][5] , and the nonreciprocal frequency doubler of EM waves 6 that operates at the second harmonic frequency, the majority of other devives operate at the frequency of the fundamental signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric transmission of surface plasmon polaritons

Kuzmiak

Maradudin

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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We describe a surface structure that possesses a different transmissivity for a surface plasmon polariton incident on it from one side of it than it has for a surface plasmon polariton incident on it from the opposite side. This asymmetric transmission of a surface plasmon polariton does not require either electrical nonlinearity or the presence of a magnetic field but is a consequence solely of the geometry of the structure. We have demonstrated that a system consisting of a square array of scatterers deposited on a metal surface in a triangular mesh to which a diffractive structure is added to the left side of it reveals asymmetric transmission when the frequency of the incident SPP is in the bandgap of the plasmonic crystal. The mechanism for this property is related to the higher Bragg modes that are excited due to the diffractive structure, while the 0-order beam, due to the existence of the band gap, is not transmitted through the structure. By varying the material and geometrical parameters of the diffractive structure one can control the contrast transmission that characterizes the degree of the asymmetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric transmission of surface plasmon polaritons

Kuzmiak

Maradudin

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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“…As such, the device conducts in the forward direction but insulates in the backward one. There are many interesting theoretical proposals for thermal diodes [6][7][8][9][10] , optical diodes 11,12 , spin Seebeck diodes 13,14 and acoustic diodes 15,16 , and many of them have been successfully verified by experiments [2][3][4][17][18][19][20][21] . It has been well established that linear structures are not able to break the reciprocity in reflection-transmission once the time-reversal symmetry is preserved 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…And this nonreciprocal transmission has even been achieved in PT systems 31,32 . Recently, an interesting design of wave diode is proposed 33 , based on the nonreciprocal transmission in a one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear layer structure 11,12 . The model system is described by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation, which is a reasonable approximation for the wave evolution in layered photonic or phononic crystals 34 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-Reciprocal Geometric Wave Diode by Engineering Asymmetric Shapes of Nonlinear Materials

李念北

任捷

2014

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Unidirectional nonreciprocal transport is at the heart of many fundamental problems and applications in both science and technology. Here we study the novel design of wave diode devices by engineering asymmetric shapes of nonlinear materials to realize the function of non-reciprocal wave propagations. We first show analytical results revealing that both nonlinearity and asymmetry are necessary to induce such non-reciprocal (asymmetric) wave propagations. Detailed numerical simulations are further performed for a more realistic geometric wave diode model with typical asymmetric shape, where good non-reciprocal wave diode effect is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the scalability of geometric wave diodes. The results open a flexible way for designing wave diodes efficiently simply through shape engineering of nonlinear materials, which may find broad implications in controlling energy, mass and information transports.T he pursuit of novel devices that are able to manipulate energy, mass and information transmission has stimulated huge interests in widespread physical branches such as phononics 1 , photonics 2-4 and biophysics 5. As one of the most fundamental and applicable devices, the wave diode can rectify non-reciprocal wave propagation, in analogy to electronic p-n junctions, where the transmission coefficient is significantly directiondependent. As such, the device conducts in the forward direction but insulates in the backward one. There are many interesting theoretical proposals for thermal diodes [6][7][8][9][10] , optical diodes 11,12 , spin Seebeck diodes 13,14 and acoustic diodes 15,16 , and many of them have been successfully verified by experiments [2][3][4][17][18][19][20][21] . It has been well established that linear structures are not able to break the reciprocity in reflection-transmission once the time-reversal symmetry is preserved 22 . Therefore, both nonlinearity and some kinds of symmetry breaking mechanism are essential for the real non-reciprocal propagation. In particular, the optical isolators or diodes 23 have been realized by harvesting the properties of nonlinearity and asymmetry [24][25][26][27][28][29] . The enhancement of nonreciprocal transmission via cascading has also been studied 30 . And this nonreciprocal transmission has even been achieved in PT systems 31,32 . Recently, an interesting design of wave diode is proposed 33 , based on the nonreciprocal transmission in a one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear layer structure 11,12 . The model system is described by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation, which is a reasonable approximation for the wave evolution in layered photonic or phononic crystals 34 . The spatially varying coefficients break the mirror reflection symmetry and this non-homogeneity generates the asymmetric wave propagation together with nonlinearity. However, the inhomogeneity of coefficients is not the only way to achieve non-reciprocal wave propagation and also it is usually very hard to design the inhomogeneous coefficient in real materials.To circu...

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“…Despite the variety of physical contexts, the basic underlying rectification mechanisms rely on nonlinear phenomena as, for instance, second-harmonic generation in photonic 22 or phononic crystals 4 , or bifurcations 7 . In those examples the rectification depends on whether some harmonic (or subharmonic) of the fundamental wave is transmitted or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonreciprocal wave scattering on nonlinear string-coupled oscillators

Lepri

Pikovsky

2014

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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We study scattering of a periodic wave in a string on two lumped oscillators attached to it. The equations can be represented as a driven (by the incident wave) dissipative (due to radiation losses) system of delay differential equations of neutral type. Nonlinearity of oscillators makes the scattering non-reciprocal: the same wave is transmitted differently in two directions. Periodic regimes of scattering are analyzed approximately, using amplitude equation approach. We show that this setup can act as a nonreciprocal modulator via Hopf bifurcations of the steady solutions. Numerical simulations of the full system reveal nontrivial regimes of quasiperiodic and chaotic scattering. Moreover, a regime of a "chaotic diode", where transmission is periodic in one direction and chaotic in the opposite one, is reported.PACS numbers: 05.60.-k 05.70.Ln 44.10.+iOne of the mostly general results of the linear wave theory is the reciprocity theorem, established in works of Rayleigh, Helmholtz and Lorentz. For the one-dimensional wave scattering it means the symmetry of the scattering matrix, so that transmission in both direction is the same. While in linear systems violations of reciprocity require violations of time-reversal symmetry, in nonlinear wave propagation reciprocity does not hold. In particular, scattering of linear waves on nonlinear objects may operate as a "wave diode", with different transmission properties in both directions. Here we consider a simple model of scattering of linear waves on two lumped nonlinear oscillators. If one neglects dispersion and dissipation in the medium and in the oscillators, the equations can be reduced to a system of delay-differential equations. We demonstrate in this paper different regimes of reciprocity violations. In the simplest case transmissions in both directions are different, while the waves remain periodic. We observe also more complex regimes, where reflected and transmitted waves are chaotic and different. Probably, mostly nontrivial regime reported is that of "chaotic diode": a periodic wave sent to the scatterer in one direction remains periodic, while when the same wave is sent in another direction, transmitted and reflected waves are chaotic.

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Nonreciprocal frequency doubler of electromagnetic waves based on a photonic crystal

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Asymmetric transmission of surface plasmon polaritons

Asymmetric transmission of surface plasmon polaritons

Non-Reciprocal Geometric Wave Diode by Engineering Asymmetric Shapes of Nonlinear Materials

Nonreciprocal wave scattering on nonlinear string-coupled oscillators

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