Nonprotein Nitrogen for Growing Chickens

Trakulchang, N.; Balloun, S. L.

doi:10.3382/ps.0540591

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, Trakulchang and Balloun (1975) reported a decrease in egg production with an increase in the level of dried poultry droppings. Adverse effects of dietary dried poultry manure, in terms of reduced egg weight and feed efficiency, were reported by Biely et al (1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Yet, Trakulchang and Balloun (1975) found that a 15% protein diet supplemented with dried poultry droppings and amino acids decreased the weight gain and feed efficiency of broiler chicks and of eight-monthold layers. Sloan and Harms (1973) indicated that depression of growth rate due to feeding dried poultry droppings might be due to a depression in caloric intake of the birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Replacing Corn with Sun-Dried Manure of Laying Pullet, Mature Pig, Sheep, and Cow

Oluyemi

Esubi

1979

Poultry Science

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Sun dried (30 to 35 C) manure of adult fowl, pig, cow, or sheep was used to replace 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the maize in corn-peanut base diets for started broiler and pullet replacement chicks and for laying pullets. The manure of the fowl followed by that of the cow were superior to that of pig and of sheep in replacing up to 15% of maize (7.5% of the whole diet) for the different categories of birds used in the experiment. The beneficial effects of the poultry and cow manure were manifested most prominently on growth rate of the chicks and on egg production of the layers which were either comparable with or higher than those of the control. The mineral contents of the manure of the fowl and pig appeared to be beneficial in maintaining egg size and shell thickness. However these types of manure tended to reduce the intensity of egg yolk color.1979 Poultry Science 58:852-857

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Replacing Corn with Sun-Dried Manure of Laying Pullet, Mature Pig, Sheep, and Cow

Oluyemi

Esubi

1979

Poultry Science

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“…If the basal diet had been formulated to contain a lower protein level, the effects of supplemental intact protein and NPN sources may have been more pronounced. In fact, many investigators used lower protein in practical or purified diets in their NPN utilization studies with growing chicks (Moran et al, 1967;Lee and Blair, 1972;Allen and Baker, 1974;Trakulchang and Balloun, 1975). Sugar beet molasses generally failed to increase die utilization of NPN sources by laying hens or growing chicks, so the possibility that the sucrose moeity of sugar beet molasses might serve as a more readily available source of alpha-keto acid formation for the utilization of NPN compounds is not indicated by the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Ackerson et al (1940) fed growing chicks a diet in which 13% of protein nitrogen was supplied by urea and could find no beneficial effects. In subsequent reports a number of other investigators concluded that urea and diammonium citrate (DAC) could not be utilized by growing chicks (Jones and Combs, 1953;Moran et al, 1967;Reid, 1967;Bornstein and Lipstein, 1968;Trakulchang and Balloun, 1975;Kagan and Balloun, 1976). In contrast, a number of other researchers reported that urea and DAC could be utilized by growing chicks for growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Use of Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds, Sugar Beet Molasses, and Their Combinations in Growing Chick and Laying Hen Rations

1980

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Two experiments were conducted to study the utilization of nonprotein nitrogen sources (urea and diammonium citrate), sugar beet molasses, and their combinations by laying hens and growing chicks. Basal diets containing 12 and 20% protein and all essential amino acids according to NRC recommendation (1977) were formulated for laying hens and growing chicks, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with 3% protein equivalent from soybean meal, urea, or diammonium citrate (DAC) both with and without 10% molasses. In the laying hen experiment, molasses was used also at 15 and 20% in the diet containing 3% supplemental protein from soybean meal.Egg production was increased significantly when the basal diet was supplemented with soybean protein or urea; however, the response to soybean meal supplementation was significantly greater than to that of urea. Diammonium citrate significantly decreased egg production and it had an adverse effect on feed consumption, egg weight, and nitrogen retention. Molasses failed to increase utilization of urea for egg production, but it reduced the adverse effect of DAC on egg production.In the chick studies a growth response was obtained when the basal diet was supplemented with soybean meal, but no response was obtained from urea or DAC. Molasses did not improve the performance of chicks with or without protein supplementation.Molasses per se can be used effectively as an energy source as it had no adverse effects on performance of laying hens and growing chicks up to the maximum levels which were used in these experiments. (

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“…They found that the efficiency of utilization of diammonium citrate was about 70-90% of that of L-glutamic acid but diammonium phosphate and urea were utilized with an efficiency of less than 40% of L-glutamic acid. However, Trakulchang and Balloun (1975) reported that supplementing a low-protein practical diet with 0.43% urea did not significantly affect body weight gain or feed efficiency of growing chickens. But, Okumura et al (1976) observed that the germ-free chicks did not benefit from urea supplement whereas the conventional birds showed better feed conversion efficiency and growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Performance and Some Physiological Indices of Broiler Chicks Fed Urea-Containing Grower Diets

Rabie¹,

Dorra²,

Mansour³

2010

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding ureacontaining grower diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chicks. Three hundred sixty 3-wk-old unsexed (Cobb-500) broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal treatments; each consisted of 6 equal replications, and kept in conventional wire-floored growing batteries. Five experimental diets [of similar crude protein (18.9%) and metabolizable energy (about 3136 kcal/kg) contents] having five graded levels of urea (0.00, 0.345, 0.69, 1.035 and 1.38%) were formulated and used from 3 to 6 weeks of age. All birds had free access to feed and water and were reared under similar managerial and environmental conditions. The response of chicks to feeding the urea-containing diets included growth performance [in terms of feed intake (FI), live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion (FC), economic efficiency of growth (EEG), mortality rate, nutrient digestibility [including dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extract, and ash and nitrogen retention], certain carcass traits, and some blood parameters. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: There were significant depressions in final LBW, BWG and FI of birds fed the urea-containing diets as compared to their control group; however, FC and EEG were not significantly affected. With the exception of slight reductions in crude protein digestibility and rate of nitrogen retention in birds fed the 1.38% urea in their diet while the other experimental groups (fed diets containing 0.345, 0.69 and 1.035% urea) exhibited means of digestibility for DM, OM, EE, CF and NFE as well as ash retention comparable to those of the control birds. Feeding the urea-containing diets had no significant effects on either carcass traits or blood parameters but urea concentrations in blood plasma of broilers fed the diets containing 0.69, 1.035 and 1.38% urea were significantly higher compared with their control counterparts. Because of the depressed growth performance and poor economic efficiency of growth resulting from feeding the urea-containing diets, it can be concluded that urea addition as a source of non-protein nitrogen in broiler chick diets is nutritionally invaluable and not recommended.

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Nonprotein Nitrogen for Growing Chickens

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Replacing Corn with Sun-Dried Manure of Laying Pullet, Mature Pig, Sheep, and Cow

Replacing Corn with Sun-Dried Manure of Laying Pullet, Mature Pig, Sheep, and Cow

The Use of Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds, Sugar Beet Molasses, and Their Combinations in Growing Chick and Laying Hen Rations

Performance and Some Physiological Indices of Broiler Chicks Fed Urea-Containing Grower Diets

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