Nonprofessional Phagocytic Cell Receptors Involved inStaphylococcus aureusInternalization

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a successful human and animal pathogen. The majority of infections caused by this pathogen are life threatening, primarily because S. aureus has developed multiple evasion strategies, possesses intracellular persistence for long periods, and targets the skin and soft tissues. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms employed by S. aureus to colonize and proliferate in these cells. The aim of this review is to describe the recent discoveries concerning the host receptors of nonprofessional phagocytes involved in S. aureus internalization. Most of the knowledge related to the interaction of S. aureus with its host cells has been described in professional phagocytic cells such as macrophages. Here, we showed that in nonprofessional phagocytes the α5β1 integrin host receptor, chaperons, and the scavenger receptor CD36 are the main receptors employed during S. aureus internalization. The characterization and identification of new bacterial effectors and the host cell receptors involved will undoubtedly lead to new discoveries with beneficial purposes.

Tet38 Efflux Pump Affects Staphylococcus aureus Internalization by Epithelial Cells through Interaction with CD36 and Contributes to Bacterial Escape from Acidic and Nonacidic Phagolysosomes

“…QT7 tet38 was internalized 6-fold less in A549 and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) than the parent strain RN6390. The membrane-associated host cell receptor CD36 is a transporter of long-chain fatty acids and is also known to contribute to S. aureus invasion of host cells (18,27). To determine if CD36 is the host cell ligand with which Tet38 interacts in the internalization process, we tested the effect of anti-CD36 antibody on internalization of RN6390 and QT7.…”

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Initiation of HeLa 299 Cell-Associated Biofilm

“…In this report, we describe an in vitro model system to study the polymicrobial interactions which occur at the initiating step in biofilm formation, i.e., adherence. The use of HeLa cells in this model system presents a unique advantage in the study of microbial interactions regarding cell surface receptors as they lack surface expression of fibronectin [ 4 , 13 , 27 ]. This absence of surface fibronectin more closely mimics that observed in colonization and natural infection, since the apical surface of mucosal epithelia normally lacks fibronectin [ 18 , 33 , 38 , 49 , 66 ].…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Estradiol in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells duringStaphylococcus aureusInternalization

“…It is well known that E2 is required for mammary epithelial cell proliferation and ductal development in the growing animal [ 7 ]. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) play a relevant role during intramammary infections because they are in intimate contact with the pathogens responsible for mastitis and are a target for intracellular bacteria causing chronic and subclinical infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus [ 8 , 9 ]. This pathogen can persist for long periods of time in cows and is internalized by a zipper-type mechanism depending on the presence of fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) on the bacterial surface, as well as the interaction of fibronectin and the host-cell α 5 β 1 integrin, in which integrin is taken up together with its ligands [ 9 ].…”