Nonpoint‐Source Pollutant Load Reductions Associated with Livestock Exclusion

Line, Daniel E.; Harman, William A.; Jennings, Gregory D.; Thompson, E. J.; Osmond, Deanna L.

doi:10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060022x

Cited by 80 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…This is driven by reduction of sediment, pathogen and nutrient loads (Heathwaite et al, 1998;Line et al, 2000;Reed and Carpenter, 2002;McKergow et al, 2003;Sharply et al, 2003;Young and Briggs, 2005;Cors and Tychon, 2007;Haygarth et al, 2009;Wilcock et al, 2009). As noted by Lynch et al (2001) such findings have encouraged some policymakers to assign a high priority to establishing riparian buffers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of an ecosystem service—Farmers’ willingness to adopt riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments

Buckley

Hynes

Mechan

2012

Environmental Science & Policy

106

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In the European Union, mitigation measures to abate diffuse pollution from agricultural land are implemented under the direction of the EU Nitrates and Water Framework Directives. As these measures are implemented in national policies, a review process will look at the efficacy of the measures with a view to recommending further measures as necessary and following scientific and stakeholder consultation. Riparian buffer zones, beyond those zones used as mandatory set back distances for fertiliser and organic manure spreading, have been used as filters in some countries to attenuate nutrient rich runoff and may be proposed as supplementary measures elsewhere. Notwithstanding the ongoing research on the physio-chemical efficiency of riparian buffer zones, this study examined the willingness of farmers to adopt such features on agricultural land. The sample size was 247 farmers in 12 catchments (approximately 4-12km 2 ) in the Republic of Ireland. The survey was based on a proposal to install a 10 metre deep riparian buffer zone on a five year scheme and the analysis was based on principal components analysis, contingent valuation methodology and a Generalized Tobit Interval model. Results from this analysis indicated that famers' willingness to supply a riparian buffer zone depended on a mix of economic, attitudinal and farm structural factors. A total of 53% of the sample indicated a negative preference for provision. Principle constraints to adoption include interference with production, nuisance effects and loss of production in small field systems. Of those willing to engage with supply, the mean willingness to accept based cost of provision for a 10 metre riparian buffer zone was estimated to be €1513 ha -1 per annum equivalent to €1.51 per linear metre of riparian area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of an ecosystem service—Farmers’ willingness to adopt riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments

Buckley

Hynes

Mechan

2012

Environmental Science & Policy

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Not surprisingly, concentration of sediment in surface runoff has been linearly related to the amount of bare ground of a given area, as exposed soil is more susceptible to soil detachment by overland flow (Hofman and Ries 1991;Elliott et al 2002;Persyn et al 2004) and erosive energy of raindrops (Young and Wiersma 1973;Morgan 1978;Kinnell 2005). As a result, bare ground in riparian areas of pastures may contribute significant sediment and phosphorus loads to surface waters during heavy rainfall events (Line et al 2000;Byers et al 2005;Butler et al 2006). Although stocking rate did not affect the proportion of bare ground within 15.2 m of pasture streams in the current study, measuring bare ground from each stream's edge likely confounded the effects of cow traffic on the proportion of bare ground with those caused by precipitation runoff and erosive energy of the stream flow (Tufekcioglu 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking Rate and Riparian Vegetation Effects on Physical Characteristics of Riparian Zones of Midwestern Pastures

Bear

Russell

Tüfekçioğlu

et al. 2012

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Grazing at high stocking rates May Increase sediment and nutrient loading of streams pasture Through Transport in precipitation runoff and bank erosion. A 3-yr (2007)(2008)(2009)) grazing study was Conducted on 13 cool-season grass pastures to quantify effects of stocking rate and botanical composition on forage sward height, proportions of bare and manure-covered ground, and bank erosion adjacent to streams. Pastures ranged from 2 ha to 107 ha with stream Reaches of 306 m to 1778 m That has drained watersheds of 253 to 5660 ha. Bare and manure-covered ground Were Measured at 15.2-m distance perpendicular to the stream at 30.5-m intervals at up to 30 locations on each side of the stream by the line transect method in May, July, September, and November of each year.At the midpoint of the 15.2-m line, forage sward height was Measured with a falling plate meter (4.8 kg · m -2 ) and plant species identified. In November 2006, fiberglass pins (1.6 × 76.2 cm) 73.7 cm Were driven into the stream bank at 1-m intervals from the streambed to the top of the bank along 10 transect equidistant locations on each side of the stream bank erosion to measure During spring, summer, and fall of each year. Increasing pasture stocking rates Increased manure-covered ground and Decreased sward height, but did not Affect proportions of bare ground. The greatest, intermediate, and Least net soil erosion rates occurred During the winter / early spring, late spring / early summer, and late summer / fall seasons. Stocking rates Between measurements, Expressed as cow-days · m -1 stream, Were not related to bank erosion. Increasing stocking rates per unit of stream length will cover manure Increase and decrease forage sward height, but not Affect proportions of bare ground or bank erosion rates pasture adjacent to streams.THEREFORE, managing stocking rates May reduce nutrient loading of streams pasture. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Stocking Rate and Riparian Vegetation Effects on Physical Characteristics of Riparian Zones of Midwestern PasturesAuthor (s) AbstractGrazing at high stocking rates may increase sediment and nutrient loading of pasture streams through transport in precipitation runoff and bank erosion. ) and plant species identified. In November 2006, fiberglass pins (1.6 3 76.2 cm) were driven 73.7 cm into the stream bank at 1-m intervals from the streambed to the top of the bank along 10 equidistant transect locations on each side of the stream to measure bank erosion during spring, summer, and fall of each year. Increasing pasture stocking rates increased manure-covered ground and decreased sward height, but did not affect proportions of bare ground. The greatest, intermediate, and least net soil erosion rates occurred during the winter/early spring, late spring/early summer, and late summer/fall se...

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“…2). This rapid response suggests that the main effect of the management changes was through the elimination of stock damage to soils on steep slopes and stream banks (Smith 1989;Line et al 2000). Pine afforestation should further enhance this reduction in erosion as the trees develop into a forest (Blashke et al 1992;Marden & Rowan 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 3. Short‐term outcomes of land‐use change

Dodd¹,

Quinn²,

Thorrold³

et al. 2008

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The third phase of a multi-stakeholder, integrated catchment management project at the Whatawhata Research Centre is described. Land use and management changes were implemented to improve economic and environmental performance of the Mangaotama case study catchment farm. The major changes included: afforestation of 160 of the 296 ha catchment farm with pine and native trees, riparian management of the entire 20 km of stream network via fencing and/or forestry, restoration of 5 ha of existing native forest, and intensification of the remaining pastoral component to a high fecundity ewe flock and bull beef finishing. Marked improvements were observed in the key environmental and economic performance indicators. In particular, declines in sediment (76%) and phosphorus (62%) loads and faecal coliform (43%) levels were observed, native forest fragments showed early signs of recovery in terms of sapling numbers and vegetative cover, and the pastoral enterprise recorded increased per hectare production of lamb (87%) and beef (170%). There were implementation challenges with the better matching of land use to land capability, but this study demonstrated that significant progress can be made in the short-term.

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Nonpoint‐Source Pollutant Load Reductions Associated with Livestock Exclusion

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Supply of an ecosystem service—Farmers’ willingness to adopt riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments

Supply of an ecosystem service—Farmers’ willingness to adopt riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments

Stocking Rate and Riparian Vegetation Effects on Physical Characteristics of Riparian Zones of Midwestern Pastures

Improving the economic and environmental performance of a New Zealand hill country farm catchment: 3. Short‐term outcomes of land‐use change

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