Nonplanar spiral states of thet-Jmodel with classical spins

Abstract

The spiral state in the two-dimensional t-J model is studied by numerical diagonalization of an effective Hamiltonian. We examine all possibilities of the spiral spin states including the nonplanar states. It is found that nonplanar spiral states occur, but the deviations from the planar spiral state in the nonplanar spiral states are small for small hole concentrations where our effective Hamiltonian is valid. The modulation of the spin configuration increases continuously from the antiferromagnetic order as the hole concentration increases, and discontinuously changes at a critical hole concentration. Then the state undergoes the first-order phase transition either to the (s, O) phase or to the ferromagnetic phase, depending on the value of J/t