Nonphotosynthetic Fixation of C&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt; O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; by "Ornithogalum caudatum" Pollen

Goss, James A.; Panchal, Y. C.

doi:10.2307/1293311

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To obtain a higher percentage of successful pollinations and, subsequently, fruit set, a more complete understanding of the pollination biology of cocoa is necessary. Failure of all attempts to germinate the pollen grains of cocoa in vitro led us to determine the possible effect of CO 2 on this process, as there have been some reports in the literature that CO 2 may enhance in vitro pollen germination in other species (Goss and Panchal, 1965;Malik and Dhaliwal, 1986;Sfakiotakis et al, 1972;Stanley et al, 1958;Thomas and Dnyansagar, 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

Aneja¹,

Gianfagna²,

Ng³

et al. 1992

HortSci

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The causes of poor fruit set of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the greenhouse were studied by examining factors that may influence pollen germination. Hand pollination of cocoa flowers resulted in 45.8% fruit set when flowers were pollinated within 3 hours of anthesis. Pollen germination did not occur until about 6 hours after pollination. Later pollinations (7 to 9 hours after anthesis) or earlier pollinations (16 to 18 hours before anthesis) did not lead to fruit set. Cocoa pollen did not germinate in vitro unless the excised flowers were incubated for 6 hours at 25C in closed vials. During the incubation period, CO2accumulated to a final concentration of about 85 ml·liter-1 as a result of respiration. Ethylene production was not detectable. Incubation of flowers with a NaOH-saturated wick, to absorb CO2, prevented pollen germination in vitro. Incubation of flowers at 15C also prevented pollen germination in vitro at 25C. Hand pollination of flowers 7 to 9 hours after anthesis or 16 to 18 hours before anthesis using CO2-incubated pollen resulted in about 10% fruit set. Enclosed pollinations in vivo, in which CO2 was allowed to accumulate, resulted in nearly 100% fruit set. The initial failure to set fruit from hand pollinations may result from poor or slow pollen germination. Moreover, CO,-incubated pollen might be used to increase fruit set in cocoa by extending the effective pollination period.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

Aneja¹,

Gianfagna²,

Ng³

et al. 1992

HortSci

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“…Many investigators have suggested that one of the important mechanisms for C0,-stimulated pollen germination and tube growth is through non-photosynthetic fixation predominantly by PEP carboxylase as revealed by 14C-labelling kinetic patterns and complementary enzymic studies (Stanley et al, 1958; Goss & Panchal, 1965;Sharma, Gill & Malik, 1981 a ; Sharma, Singh & Malik, 1981 , 1 9 8 1 ; Dhaliwal et al, 1982). The results of different studies seem to point out that the ability to assimilate CO, by germinating pollen and synthesize respiratory substrates, amino acids and proteins, osmotically active solutes, membrane lipids and NADPH, etc., may be an important growth mechanism in the plant reproductive cycle (see Malik et al, 1 9 8 3~) .…”

Section: ( a ) Flowering And Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐photosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and Possible Biological Roles in Higher Plants

Basra

Malik

1985

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Non‐photosynthetic fixation of CO2/HCO3‐ occurs both under light and dark conditions and involve the addition of carbon to substrates which in higher plants are derived originally from carbon reduced to carbohydrates during photosynthesis. Despite the endergonic nature of these carboxylations, the advantages offered seem to be sufficient to outweigh the disadvantages of energy loss. 2. Non‐photosynthetic carbon incorporation into metabolism is dealt mainly in relation to PEP carboxylase, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase while other carboxylases await further characterization or discovery. The extent to which a carboxylase participates depends upon the need for products of its activity in metabolism. 3. Non‐photosynthetic carbon fixation is intricately involved in several pathways of metabolism throughout the ontogeny of plants. The roles in relation to leaf carbon metabolism, respiratory metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, lipid and isoprenoid biosynthesis, purine and pyrimidine metabolism and metabolism associated with the action of growth regulators have been described. The fixation reactions appear to be largely concerned with the production of intermediary metabolites, circumvention of energy barriers in metabolism and regulation of plant metabolism. In addition, the activity of PEP carboxylase is involved in ionic balance and pH‐stat. 4. Malate derived by way of PEP carboxylase and NAD‐malate dehydrogenase acts as an effective osmoticum and a counter‐ion for K+ accumulation in actively growing plant cells. In addition, malate may enter the TCA cycle or can be decarboxylated by cytoplasmic NADP‐malic enzyme converting NADH to NADPH. Wherever it has been sought in different plant tissues, some evidence for PEP carboxylase and metabolism of malate has always been found. 5. Almost every plant process spanning from seed development and germination to flowering and fruit‐set requires the essential participation of non‐photosynthetic carbon fixation in regulating certain metabolic and cellular functions but it does not contribute in a major way to the carbon nutrition of plants. It is largely the tissue type that appears to determine which of the roles is predominant at any one time.

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Carbon dioxide fixation in malaria—I. Kinetic studies in plasmodium lophurae

Ting

Sherman

1966

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology

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Nonphotosynthetic Fixation of C<sup>14</sup> O<sub>2</sub> by "Ornithogalum caudatum" Pollen

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

Non‐photosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and Possible Biological Roles in Higher Plants

Carbon dioxide fixation in malaria—I. Kinetic studies in plasmodium lophurae

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