Nonpharmacological, Nonsurgical Treatments for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

Delgado-Alvarado, Manuel; Marano, Massimo; Santurtún, Ana; Urtiaga-Gallano, Ainhoa; Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, Diana; Infante, Jon

doi:10.1002/mds.27913

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…A moderate-to-high correlation was also found between the FOGQ and mobility subscale and the total score of the PDQ-39. This result confirms that the freezing of gait deteriorates the quality of life, and it was in accordance with the results from former studies in the "on" state (Delgado-Alvarado et al, 2020;Ellis et al, 2011;Giladi et al, 2000;Silva-Batista et al, 2020;Vogler et al, 2015). Furthermore, we found a high correlation between FOGQ and FES-I, indicating the association between FOG and fear of falling in PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinimetrics of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for Parkinson Disease During the “off” State

Taghizadeh

Fereshtehnejad

Martinez‐Martín

et al. 2021

BCN

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Introduction: Freezing of gait, a common PD motor symptom, could increase the risk of falling. This study aimed to investigate the clinimetric attributes of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) for people with Parkinson disease in the “off” state. Methods: A total of 115 patients with Parkinson disease (PD; mean age, 60.25 years) were included. Acceptability, internal consistency (by the Cronbach alpha, and test-retest by Intraclass Correlation [ICC]), and reliability of the Persian-translated version of the FOGQ were examined. Dimensionality was estimated by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Fall efficacy scale-international, unified Parkinson disease rating scale-II, Berg balance scale, functional reach test, and Parkinson disease questionnaire-39 were applied to determine the convergent validity. Diagnostic accuracy for obtaining optimal cutoff point, separating faller and non-faller groups, was analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and Area Under the Curve (AUC). All tests were carried out in an “off” state. Results: The Cronbach alpha was high (α=0.92). The test-retest showed high reliability (ICC=0.89). The FOGQ was unidimensional according to the EFA and had acceptable convergent validity with moderate to high correlation with other clinical scales. The optimal cutoff point to discriminate fallers from non-fallers during the “off” state was 9/10, with an AUC of 0.92. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the FOGQ has appropriate reliability, validity, and discriminative ability for measuring FOG in patients with PD during the “off” state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinimetrics of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for Parkinson Disease During the “off” State

Taghizadeh

Fereshtehnejad

Martinez‐Martín

et al. 2021

BCN

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“…101 102 Physical therapy, including strategies that utilise sensory cues, such as stepping over a horizontal laser beam, may be helpful. 103 Dysarthria and dysphagia are often treated by speech and voice therapists. Injection of botulinum toxin has been found to be effective in controlling high-amplitude rest and postural hand tremor which may be resistant to levodopa.…”

Section: Symptomatic Treatment Of Levodopa-resistant and Non-motor Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson’s disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment

Jankovic

Tan

2020

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

610

486

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The concept of ‘idiopathic’ Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a single entity has been challenged with the identification of several clinical subtypes, pathogenic genes and putative causative environmental agents. In addition to classic motor symptoms, non-motor manifestations (such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder, anosmia, constipation and depression) appear at prodromic/premotor stage and evolve, along with cognitive impairment and dysautonomia, as the disease progresses, often dominating the advanced stages of the disease. The key molecular pathogenic mechanisms include α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of protein clearance (associated with deficient ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems), neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The involvement of dopaminergic as well as noradrenergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and adenosine pathways provide insights into the rich and variable clinical phenomenology associated with PD and the possibility of alternative therapeutic approaches beyond traditional dopamine replacement therapies.One of the biggest challenges in the development of potential neuroprotective therapies has been the lack of reliable and sensitive biomarkers of progression. Immunotherapies such as the use of vaccination or monoclonal antibodies directed against aggregated, toxic α-synuclein.as well as anti-aggregation or protein clearance strategies are currently investigated in clinical trials. The application of glucagon-like peptide one receptor agonists, specific PD gene target agents (such as GBA or LRRK2 modifiers) and other potential disease modifying drugs provide cautious optimism that more effective therapies are on the horizon. Emerging therapies, such as new symptomatic drugs, innovative drug delivery systems and novel surgical interventions give hope to patients with PD about their future outcomes and prognosis.

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“…Although non-pharmacological therapy has gained great importance, there is still little consensus on how to measure the analysis of therapies, being a wide and interesting field of research to address (29)(30)(31). The current ongoing research using this PasoDoble protocol is focused on clinical measures of PD and caregiver's health, such as motor symptoms, mood/cognition, and socialization (UPDRS, BBS, TUG, 6MWT, FOG, DGI, Sitto-stand test, Beck, Zarit QoL).…”

Section: "Pasodoble" a Proposed Dance/music Intervention For People mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engagement of PD patients in different types of physical exercise, such as walking on a treadmill, is reported to reduce gait disturbances, to improve executive functions and motor learning (15,30). Still, gait improvements seem to be specific to the type of motor activity practiced during exercise, whereas improvements in cognitive inhibition are not.…”

Section: "Pasodoble" As a Form Of Therapeutic Exercise For Pd And Promentioning

confidence: 99%

PasoDoble, a Proposed Dance/Music for People With Parkinson's Disease and Their Caregivers

Castillo-Mariqueo

2020

Front. Neurol.

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Managing the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease symptoms and its progressive nature demands strategies targeting the hallmark disrupted neurotransmission but also the comorbid derangements and bolstering neuroprotection and regeneration. Strong efforts are done to find disease-modifying strategies, since slowing disease progression is not enough to hamper its burden and some motor symptoms are resistant to dopamine-replacement therapy. The inclusion of non-pharmacological strategies can provide such a multitarget umbrella approach. The silent long-term biological process that precedes the clinical onset of disease is a challenge but also an opportunity to reinforce healthy lifestyle known to exert preventive/therapeutic effects. These non-pharmacological strategies are foreseen as able to reduce the prevalence and the global impact of long-term diseases demanding strong management of patient-caregiver quality of life. In this regard, European guidelines for Parkinson's disease recommend physical-related activities such as aerobic exercise and dancing known to improve functional mobility and balance in patients. Here, we propose “PasoDoble,” a novel dance/music patient-caregiver intervention with additional preventive value. The rationale is founded on evidence-based therapeutic benefits of dance/music therapy and the singular features of this widely extended Hispanic dance/music targeting motor symptoms, mood/cognition, and socialization: (i) As a dance, an easy and simple double-step pattern (back-and-forward and lateral movements) that evolves from a spontaneous individual dance to a partnered dancing, performed in social groups and involving dancing-figures of increasing complexity; (ii) “PasoDoble,” as a music that can be sung, has musical rhythmicity with high groove and familiarity that will help to synchronize the steps to the rhythm of music; (iii) Widely extended (Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Colombia, and USA) and easy-to-learn for others. As a regular dancing “PasoDoble” can improve and preserve function, mood and socialization, as an intervention the method is structured to improve gait and balance; facilitate movement, reaching and grasping; muscle power and joint mobility; reduce of risk of falls, and increase of aerobic capacity. Finally, this easy-to-implement into patient care and free-living environments (elderly social centers, home care) rehabilitation programs can promote positive emotions and self-esteem, with added general improvement of social attachment and recognition, thus improving the quality of life of patient-caregiver.

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Nonpharmacological, Nonsurgical Treatments for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review

Cited by 45 publications

References 101 publications

Clinimetrics of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for Parkinson Disease During the “off” State

Clinimetrics of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for Parkinson Disease During the “off” State

Parkinson’s disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment

PasoDoble, a Proposed Dance/Music for People With Parkinson's Disease and Their Caregivers

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