Nonparametric Tests for the Interaction in Two-way Factorial Designs Using R

Feys, Jos

doi:10.32614/rj-2016-027

Cited by 81 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Violations are reported in the results section of the respective experiment if applicable. In case of violations, we report a nonparametric analogue of the mixed ANOVA using the ezPerm R function (version 4.4-0) to confirm our results [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Abubshait¹,

Weis²,

Wiese³

2020

Preprint

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Social signals, such as changes in gaze direction, are essential cues to predict others’ mental states and behaviors (i.e., mentalizing). Studies show that humans can mentalize with non-human agents when they perceive a mind in them (i.e., mind perception). Robots that physically and/or behaviorally resemble humans likely trigger mind perception, which enhances the relevance of social cues and improves social-cognitive performance. The current ex-periments examine whether the effect of physical and behavioral influencers of mind perception on social-cognitive processing is modulated by the lifelikeness of a social interaction. Participants interacted with robots of varying degrees of physical (humanlike vs. robot-like) and behavioral (reliable vs. random) human-likeness while the lifelikeness of a social attention task was manipulated across five experiments. The first four experiments manipulated lifelikeness via the physical realism of the robot images (Study 1 and 2), the biological plausibility of the social signals (Study 3), and the plausibility of the social con-text (Study 4). They showed that humanlike behavior affected social attention whereas appearance affected mind perception ratings. However, when the lifelikeness of the interaction was increased by using videos of a human and a robot sending the social cues in a realistic environment (Study 5), social attention mechanisms were affected both by physical appearance and behavioral features, while mind perception ratings were mainly affected by physical appearance. This indicates that in order to understand the effect of physical and behavioral features on social cognition, paradigms should be used that adequately simulate the lifelikeness of social interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Abubshait¹,

Weis²,

Wiese³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brush allodynia and NPRS scores were assessed using a rank‐based nonparametric test in the ld.f2 function from the nparLD package, which reports Wald‐type test statistics for main and interaction effects . The ld.f2 function within the nparLD package is recommended for within‐within study designs . Significant main and interaction effects were assessed post‐hoc using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Acute Effect of Skin Preheating on Capsaicin‐Induced Central Sensitization in Humans

Linde

Srbely

2019

Pain Practice

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Introduction Topical capsaicin is commonly employed to experimentally induce central sensitization (CS) in humans. While previous studies have investigated the effect of skin preheating on the sensitizing effect of capsaicin, no studies have compared the synergistic effect of skin preheating on the magnitude of sensitization via topical capsaicin within the first 30 minutes of application. We tested the hypothesis that skin preheating potentiates the sensitizing effect of topical capsaicin by evoking a larger region of secondary hyperalgesia vs. topical capsaicin alone. Methods Twenty young, healthy subjects each received topical capsaicin (Zostrix HP 0.075%) only (CAP), topical capsaicin with preheating (CAP + HEAT), and topical nonsensitizing placebo cream (CON) in a crossover design. Capsaicin and placebo creams were applied to a 50 cm2 area of the dorsal forearm. The CAP + HEAT session also included a 10‐minute preheating session. Regions of secondary hyperalgesia were assessed using mechanical brush allodynia testing, and skin temperature was assessed via infrared thermography. Outcomes were normalized to baseline and compared at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after cream application. Results The CAP + HEAT session led to a significantly larger area of secondary hyperalgesia compared to the CAP session as measured by brush allodynia (CON: 0 ± 0 cm; CAP: 2.08 ± 0.45 cm; CAP + HEAT: 3.70 ± 0.46 cm; P < 0.05) and skin temperature (CON: −2.92% ± 0.03%; CAP: −0.63% ± 0.09%; CAP + HEAT: 2.50% ± 0.11%; ( of baseline) P < 0.05). Conclusion Preheating amplifies the sensitizing effect of topical capsaicin within 30 minutes of application. The heat–capsaicin technique may be employed to assess differing magnitudes of CS induction and enables future studies investigating the development and progression of CS in humans.

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“…For the green house experiments repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for interactions between time and treatments. Repeated measures Friedman Ranks ANOVA were done using R software v. 3.5.3 (R Core Team, 2018) package npIntFactRep (Feys, 2015(Feys, , 2016 when ANOVA assumptions could not be met. In both approaches, the Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied when sphericity was not achieved.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals of Emerging Concern in Treated Wastewater Impact Microbial Growth

McLain

Gachomo

2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Agriculture production in California is negatively impacted by soilborne fungi, such as Verticillium dahliae, and limited water availability for irrigation. Some regions have adapted the use of recycling wastewater, i.e., reclaimed water, to supplement the potable water supply. Wastewater purification is not fully efficient at removing all contaminants and small amounts of pharmaceutical products, known as chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), remain. Acetaminophen, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and gemfibrozil are some of the most common CECs found in treated wastewater and were therefore used in this study. These CECs were evaluated for their potential to interact with microorganisms directly, or for their ability to alter the development of Verticillium wilt disease in eggplants. The microorganisms Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Piriformospora indica, Phytopthora capsici, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum were used for in vitro growth assays in the presence of CECs. CECs induced varying responses in strains of the same fungi by promoting growth of one strain while inhibiting growth of the other. CECs influenced spore germination of V. dahliae and F. oxysporum. Greenhouse experiments in which Solanum melongena (eggplants) were inoculated with V. dahliae and irrigated with CECs were used to evaluate the impacts of these chemicals on disease development. Overall our results found that most of the organisms we tested were sensitive to the CECs. P. capsici was found to be the most sensitive microorganism, while B. japonicum growth was unaffected by the CECs at the concentrations used. The greenhouse assays results indicated that plant disease severity may be influenced by given CECs at certain stages of plant growth. Overall the results of this study indicate that the concentrations of CECs found in reclaimed water are occurring at biologically relevant concentrations.

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Nonparametric Tests for the Interaction in Two-way Factorial Designs Using R

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

The Acute Effect of Skin Preheating on Capsaicin‐Induced Central Sensitization in Humans

Chemicals of Emerging Concern in Treated Wastewater Impact Microbial Growth

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