Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel

Hoffman, Irving; Taha, Taha E.; Padian, Nancy; Kelly, Clifton W.; Welch, Julia D; Martinson, Francis; Kumwenda, Newton; Rosenberg, Zeda F.; Chilongozi, David; Brown, Joelle; Chirenje, Michael; Richardson, Barbra A.

doi:10.1097/00002030-200411050-00012

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As expected, N9 was most toxic for EpiVaginal cells, with an average ET-50 value of 4.9 hours. This confirms previous in vitro and in vivo studies [ 7 , 14 , 15 ]. With an ET-50 value of

hours, miconazole nitrate showed very low toxicity in our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the VaginalLactobacillus rhamnosus

Dover

Aroutcheva

Faro

et al. 2007

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To evaluate the safety of the antimicrobial peptide, lactocin 160. Methods. Lactocin 160, a product of vaginal probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus 160 was evaluated for toxicity and irritation. An in vitro human organotypic vaginal-ectocervical tissue model (EpiVaginal) was employed for the safety testing by determining the exposure time to reduce tissue viability to 50% (ET-50). Hemolytic activity of lactocin160 was tested using 8% of human erythrocyte suspension. Susceptibility of lactobacilli to lactocin160 was also studied. Rabbit vaginal irritation (RVI) model was used for an in vivo safety evaluation. Results. The ET-50 value was 17.5 hours for lactocin 160 (4.9 hours for nonoxynol 9, N9). Hemolytic activity of lactocin 160 was 8.2% (N9 caused total hemolysis). Lactobacilli resisted to high concentrations of peptide preparation. The RVI model revealed slight vaginal irritation. An average irritation index grade was evaluated as “none.” Conclusions. Lactocin 160 showed minimal irritation and has a good potential for intravaginal application.

show abstract

“…As expected, N9 was most toxic for EpiVaginal cells, with an average ET-50 value of 4.9 hours. This confirms previous in vitro and in vivo studies [ 7 , 14 , 15 ]. With an ET-50 value of

hours, miconazole nitrate showed very low toxicity in our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the VaginalLactobacillus rhamnosus

Dover

Aroutcheva

Faro

et al. 2007

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Secondly and more importantly, our findings suggest that aBV might be associated with more severe disruption of the vaginal epithelium than sBV, and hence lead to a greater increase in susceptibility to infections. By analogy, the spermicide nonoxynol-9 (Hillier et al, 2005) is known to cause accelerated cell-shedding (Niruthisard et al, 1991), thinning (Vincent et al, 2011), disruption (Hoffman et al, 2004) and pro-inflammatory changes (Smith-Mccune et al, 2015) on the vaginal epithelium, and was found to increase women's susceptibility to HIV (Wilkinson et al, 2002), as well as susceptibility to HSV-2 (Cone et al, 2006) and HPV (Roberts et al, 2007) in a mouse model. Since aBV is associated with similar physiological effects on the epithelium, we hypothesize it would be associated with an increased risk of infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated With Depletion of Mature Superficial Cells Shed From the Vaginal Epithelium

O’Hanlon

Gajer

Brotman

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have described bacterial vaginosis (BV) as associated with increased cell-shedding from the cervicovaginal epithelium. Cell-shedding in excess of cell-proliferation is thought to decrease epithelial barrier function and increase susceptibility to infection. This study evaluated the number of shed cells in mid-vaginal smears from women with a diagnosis of symptomatic BV (sBV, n = 17), asymptomatic BV (aBV, n = 71), or no BV (n = 104) by Amsel criteria. The sBV smears contained significantly more shed cells (median 158/100X field) than no BV smears (median 91/100X field), p = 7.2e−9. However, we observed that aBV smears contained significantly fewer shed cells (median 35/100X field) than no BV smears, p = 22.0e−16. The sizes of cell-aggregates (cells shed in sometimes multilayered sections with intact cell-cell attachments) followed the same pattern. Cell-aggregates in sBV smears were significantly larger (median ∼220,000 µm 2) than those in no BV smears (median ∼50,000 µm 2), p = 1.8e−6, but cell-aggregates in aBV smears were significantly smaller (median ∼7,000 µm 2) than those in no BV smears, p = 0.0028. We also compared the superficial cell index (SCI), a measure of cervicovaginal epithelial cell maturity, in no BV and aBV smears with relatively low numbers of shed cells (≤50/100X field). The SCI of no BV smears was significantly higher (median 0.86) than that of aBV smears (median 0.35), p = 4.3e−98, suggesting a depletion of mature cells with exposure and shedding of underlying immature cells in aBV with low number of shed cells. These results indicate that aBV may contribute disproportionately to the increased susceptibility to reproductive tract infections associated with BV. Our findings remained true when considering only those smears in which the microbiota comprised a diverse set of strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria [Community State Type IV (n = 162)], thus excluding those dominated by Lactobacillus spp. This is consistent with our developing hypothesis that high-shedding sBV and low-shedding aBV could be temporally separated phases of the same condition, rather than two separate forms of BV. These findings might inform future work on clinical management of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis.

show abstract

“…Surfactants nonspecifically disrupt membranes and were the first molecules to enter clinical trials as candidate HIV microbicides. However, these surfactants were found to be toxic to the cervicovaginal mucosa and resulted in an increased rate of HIV infection in phase III clinical trials (54,55). Entry inhibitors prevent HIV from binding to or entering cells and encompass a wide range of molecules, including CCR5 inhibitors (56)(57)(58) and fusion inhibitors (59,60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PD 404,182 as an Anti-HIV and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Microbicide

Chamoun‐Emanuelli

Bobardt

Moncla

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

؉ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (CC 50 , >300 M). PD also exhibited high stability in pH-adjusted Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline with little to no activity loss after 8 weeks at pH 4 and 42°C, indicating suitability for formulation for transportation and storage in developing countries. Finally, for the first time, we show that PD inactivates herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 at submicromolar concentrations. Due to the prevalence of HSV infection, the ability of PD to inactivate HSV may provide an additional incentive for use as a microbicide. The ability of PD to inactivate both HIV-1 and HSV, combined with its low toxicity and high stability, warrants additional studies for the evaluation of PD's microbicidal candidacy in animals and humans.

show abstract

Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the VaginalLactobacillus rhamnosus

Safety Study of an Antimicrobial Peptide Lactocin 160, Produced by the VaginalLactobacillus rhamnosus

Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated With Depletion of Mature Superficial Cells Shed From the Vaginal Epithelium

Evaluation of PD 404,182 as an Anti-HIV and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Microbicide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About