Nonoutbreak-related airborne Staphylococcus spp in a veterinary hospital

Lutz, Eric; Hoet, Armando E.; Pennell, Michael; Stevenson, Kurt B.; Buckley, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.08.011

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Seventeen (17/27, 63%) studies were from either the small animal or companion animal clinics/hospitals ( 3 , 9 , 17 , 20 , 27 – 33 , 37 , 41 – 44 , 48 ). followed by both bovine ( 38 , 42 , 49 , 50 ) (4/27, 15%) and equine medicine ( 19 , 46 , 47 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the hospital settings, bacteria associated with HAIs were reported from environmental surfaces (9/27; 33%) ( 9 , 17 , 20 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 47 ), animal cases (8/27; 30%) ( 3 , 19 , 28 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 43 , 47 ), and commonly used fomites such as clothing, cell phones, clippers, stethoscopes, and computers (4/27, 15%) ( 29 , 32 , 36 , 41 ). Only three studies (3/27, 11%) isolated bacteria from humans who have regular contact with animals ( 17 , 32 , 38 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antimicrobial resistance profile of the different organisms was provided in eighteen (17/27, 63%) studies ( 3 , 9 , 17 , 20 , 28 , 31 , 33 – 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 47 ), while nine (9/27, 33%) studies did not report on the antimicrobial resistance patterns ( 19 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 48 ). Thirteen studies (13/27, 48%) further characterized the microorganisms using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays ( 3 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 31 , 33 – 35 , 37 , 40 , 45 – 47 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following pathogens were detected in the hospital environmental surfaces, namely MRSA ( 17 , 20 , 37 , 40 ), MRSP ( 42 , 44 ), ESBL-producing E. coli isolates ( 17 ), VRE ( 17 ), A. baumannii ( 39 ), C. difficile ( 17 ) and P. aeruginosa ( 42 ). Common pathogens identified from hospital fomites included: MRSA ( 19 , 32 , 36 , 41 ), MRSP ( 9 , 17 , 41 ), Enterococcus faecalis ( 42 ), and A. baumannii ( 29 , 32 , 39 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of sources of organisms associated with HAIs in veterinary settings is critical to reducing the risk of transmission to patients and humans. Therefore, it is not surprising that most studies have largely focused on the hospital environment and commonly used instruments as potential reservoirs for organisms associated with HAIs ( 29 , 32 , 39 , 41 , 44 ). Furthermore, there are ongoing epidemiological studies to understand the relationship between environmental cleanliness and the risk of transmission of HAIs in veterinary settings ( 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospital-acquired and zoonotic bacteria from a veterinary hospital and their associated antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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BackgroundHospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and an economic burden due to costs associated with extended hospital stays. Furthermore, most pathogens associated with HAIs in veterinary medicine are zoonotic. This study used published data to identify organisms associated with HAIs and zoonosis in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the study also investigated the antimicrobial-susceptibility profile of these bacterial organisms.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms and five electronic databases were used to identify studies published over 20 years (2000–2020). The risk of bias was assessed using the “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Vet” (STROBE-Vet) checklist.ResultsOut of the identified 628 papers, 27 met the inclusion criteria for this study. Most studies (63%, 17/27) included were either from small animal or companion animal clinics/hospitals, while 5% (4/27) were from large animal clinics/hospitals inclusive of bovine and equine hospitals. Hospital-acquired bacteria were reported from environmental surfaces (33%, 9/27), animal clinical cases (29.6%, 8/27), and fomites such as cell phones, clippers, stethoscopes, and computers (14.8%, 4/27). Staphylococcus spp. was the most (63%; 17/27) reported organism, followed by Escherichia coli (19%; 5/27), Enterococcus spp. (15%, 4/27), Salmonella spp. (15%; 4/27), Acinetobacter baumannii (15%, 4/27), Clostridioides difficile (4%, 1/27), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%; 1/27). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms were reported in 71% (12/17) of studies linked to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Enterococcus spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, A. baumannii, and E. coli. The mecA gene was identified in both MRSA and MRSP, the blaCMY-2 gene in E. coli and Salmonella spp., and the vanA gene in E. faecium isolate. Six studies reported organisms from animals with similar clonal lineage to those reported in human isolates.ConclusionOrganisms associated with hospital-acquired infections and zoonosis have been reported from clinical cases, environmental surfaces, and items used during patient treatment and care. Staphylococcus species is the most reported organism in cases of HAIs and some isolates shared similar clonal lineage to those reported in humans. Some organisms associated with HAIs exhibit a high level of resistance and contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance.

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