Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

Sung, Victor; Nicholas, Anthony P.

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.04.013

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…As a whole, this combination of symptoms leads to disability and dependency. Parkinson's disease patients, in the long term, become dependent on others for daily living activities, such as dressing or feeding, and, therefore, the quality of life of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease is considerably diminished [4]. Along with movement alterations, Parkinson's disease patients show very important and debilitating nonmotor symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, cognitive abnormalities, sleep disorders, mood disorders, pain, and sensory disorders [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper and Copper Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease

Montes

Rivera-Mancía

Dı́az-Ruiz

et al. 2014

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

147

102

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Copper is a transition metal that has been linked to pathological and beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease, free copper is related to increased oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein oligomerization, and Lewy body formation. Decreased copper along with increased iron has been found in substantia nigra and caudate nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Copper influences iron content in the brain through ferroxidase ceruloplasmin activity; therefore decreased protein-bound copper in brain may enhance iron accumulation and the associated oxidative stress. The function of other copper-binding proteins such as Cu/Zn-SOD and metallothioneins is also beneficial to prevent neurodegeneration. Copper may regulate neurotransmission since it is released after neuronal stimulus and the metal is able to modulate the function of NMDA and GABA A receptors. Some of the proteins involved in copper transport are the transporters CTR1, ATP7A, and ATP7B and the chaperone ATOX1. There is limited information about the role of those biomolecules in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease; for instance, it is known that CTR1 is decreased in substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease and that a mutation in ATP7B could be associated with Parkinson's disease. Regarding copper-related therapies, copper supplementation can represent a plausible alternative, while copper chelation may even aggravate the pathology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper and Copper Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease

Montes

Rivera-Mancía

Dı́az-Ruiz

et al. 2014

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

147

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Parkinson’s pathobiology is classically characterized as the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to the hallmark tremors of the limbs and loss of motor control observed in clinical settings. More recently, our understanding of PD has expanded to include several nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) that often precede motor symptoms such as depression, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive decline [58]. These NMSs are linked to the emergence of Lewy bodies, inclusion bodies primarily composed of α-synuclein, in nerve cells [59].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sigma-1 receptor chaperones in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders

Tsai¹,

Pokrass²,

Klauer

et al. 2014

Expert Opin. Ther. Targets

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Introduction Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are molecular chaperones that reside mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but exist also in the proximity of the plasma membrane. Sig-1Rs are highly expressed in the CNS and are involved in many cellular processes including cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, microglia activation, protein quality control, calcium-mediated ER stress and ion channel modulation. Disturbance in any of the above cellular processes can accelerate the progression of many neurological disorders; therefore, the Sig-1R has been implicated in several neurological diseases. Areas covered This review broadly covers the functions of Sig-1Rs including several neurodegenerative disorders in humans and drug addiction-associated neurological disturbance in the case of HIV infection. We discuss how several Sig-1R ligands could be utilized in therapeutic approaches to treat those disorders. Expert opinion Emerging understanding of the cellular functions of this unique transmembrane chaperone may lead to the use of new agents or broaden the use of certain available ligands as therapeutic targets in those neurological disorders.

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“…Several of these non-motor manifestations are also seen in many other neurodegenerative conditions, such as PD and Huntington’s disease, among others 82,83…”

Section: The Neurodegenerative Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Tremor: A Neurodegenerative Disease?

Benito‐León

2014

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 63 publications

References 67 publications

Copper and Copper Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease

Copper and Copper Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease

Sigma-1 receptor chaperones in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders

Essential Tremor: A Neurodegenerative Disease?

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