Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: a systematic review

Abstract

Some reports suggest a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) may be associated with increased mortality. NMSCs have very low fatality rates, but the high prevalence of NMSC elevates the importance of the possibility of associated subsequent mortality from other causes. The variable methods and findings of existing studies leave the significance of these results uncertain. To provide clarity, we conducted a systematic review to characterize the evidence on the associations of NMSC with: 1) all-cause mortality, 2) cancer-specific mortality, and 3) cancer survival. Bibliographic databases were searched through February 2016. Cohort studies published in English were included if adequate data were provided to estimate mortality ratios in patients with-versus-without NMSC. Data were abstracted from the total of 8 studies from independent data sources that met inclusion criteria (n=3 for all-cause mortality, n=2 for cancer-specific mortality, and n=5 for cancer survival). For all-cause mortality, a significant increased risk was observed for patients with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (mortality ratio estimates (MR) 1.25 and 1.30), whereas no increased risk was observed for patients with a history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (MRs 0.96 and 0.97). Based on one study, the association with cancer-specific mortality was stronger for SCC (MR 2.17) than BCC (MR 1.15). Across multiple types of cancer both SCC and BCC tended to be associated with poorer survival from second primary malignancies. Multiple studies support an association between NMSC and fatal outcomes; the associations tend to be more potent for SCC than BCC. Additional investigation is needed to more precisely characterize these associations and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms.

Epidemiology of Keratinocyte Carcinoma

“…In a systematic review of this topic, this pattern was consistent across all three studies, and SCC was more strongly associated than BCC with cancer-specific mortality in the lone study to report on this association [53]. Further, the systematic review found that both BCC and SCC were associated with worse survival after a diagnosis with a noncutaneous cancer [53]. The evidence-base on the relationship between a personal history of KC and fatal outcomes is still sparse and therefore awaits more intensive investigation.…”

“…In a cohort study with individual-level data that adjusted for several cancer risk factors, a personal history of SCC was associated with significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01–1.54) whereas BCC was not associated with excess mortality [52]. In a systematic review of this topic, this pattern was consistent across all three studies, and SCC was more strongly associated than BCC with cancer-specific mortality in the lone study to report on this association [53]. Further, the systematic review found that both BCC and SCC were associated with worse survival after a diagnosis with a noncutaneous cancer [53].…”

McGregor flap: an alternative for lower eyelid and periorbital region reconstruction

“…Eyelid defects can be divided into congenital and acquired and can be due to diverse etiologies, with cutaneous tumors being one of the most prevalent, especially the non-melanoma type [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Assessing the Photoprotective Effects of Fluorescent Sphingomyelin Against UVB Induced DNA Damage in Human Keratinocytes

“…Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, abbreviated NMSC, is the most commonly diagnosed disease and is a significant health concern in terms of incidence rate and economic health care costs [1], [2]. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 3.3 million Americans are diagnosed with NMSC each year [5].…”

“…Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) affects approximately 3.3 million Americans each year and is currently the most commonly diagnosed disease [1], [2], [5]. The common forms of NMSC are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), with BCC representing about 80% of NMSCs [2], [17] Given the prevalence of NMSC in the human population, understanding the cause and potential treatments is crucial.…”