“…Nonmelanoma skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Different types of strategies are currently being investigated as therapies for the treatment of these tumors, including cryotherapy, topical chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil, and photodynamics, the success of which is hampered by limitations such as the poor penetration of molecules into the skin and the difficulty of gaining access to the whole tumor (10)(11)(12). The present data indicate that local cannabinoid administration may constitute an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer.…”
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors are currently being investigated. Given the growth-inhibiting effects of cannabinoids on gliomas and the wide tissue distribution of the two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), we studied the potential utility of these compounds in anti–skin tumor therapy. Here we show that the CB1 and the CB2 receptor are expressed in normal skin and skin tumors of mice and humans. In cell culture experiments pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptors induced the apoptotic death of tumorigenic epidermal cells, whereas the viability of nontransformed epidermal cells remained unaffected. Local administration of the mixed CB1/CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 or the selective CB2 agonist JWH-133 induced a considerable growth inhibition of malignant tumors generated by inoculation of epidermal tumor cells into nude mice. Cannabinoid-treated tumors showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. This was accompanied by impairment of tumor vascularization, as determined by altered blood vessel morphology and decreased expression of proangiogenic factors (VEGF, placental growth factor, and angiopoietin 2). Abrogation of EGF-R function was also observed in cannabinoid-treated tumors. These results support a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin tumors
“…Nonmelanoma skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Different types of strategies are currently being investigated as therapies for the treatment of these tumors, including cryotherapy, topical chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil, and photodynamics, the success of which is hampered by limitations such as the poor penetration of molecules into the skin and the difficulty of gaining access to the whole tumor (10)(11)(12). The present data indicate that local cannabinoid administration may constitute an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer.…”
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors are currently being investigated. Given the growth-inhibiting effects of cannabinoids on gliomas and the wide tissue distribution of the two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), we studied the potential utility of these compounds in anti–skin tumor therapy. Here we show that the CB1 and the CB2 receptor are expressed in normal skin and skin tumors of mice and humans. In cell culture experiments pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptors induced the apoptotic death of tumorigenic epidermal cells, whereas the viability of nontransformed epidermal cells remained unaffected. Local administration of the mixed CB1/CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 or the selective CB2 agonist JWH-133 induced a considerable growth inhibition of malignant tumors generated by inoculation of epidermal tumor cells into nude mice. Cannabinoid-treated tumors showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. This was accompanied by impairment of tumor vascularization, as determined by altered blood vessel morphology and decreased expression of proangiogenic factors (VEGF, placental growth factor, and angiopoietin 2). Abrogation of EGF-R function was also observed in cannabinoid-treated tumors. These results support a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin tumors
“…The average age at diagnosis was 50 years (± 16 years) and typically occurred 30–40 years after vaccination. UV radiation and p53 gene defects correlate strongly with squamous cell carcinoma development, but these risk factors were not addressed in the reports 34 …”
Section: Malignant Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The mean patient age was 53 years ( ± 13 years), but one case was reported in a teenager 25 . Therapeutic options include excision, electrodesiccation and curettage, and Mohs’ micrographic surgery for tumors that are large or show aggressive histopathologic features 34 …”
The typical resolution of the smallpox vaccination site is a smooth scar, a sequela that is discussed during prevaccination counseling. In addition, other types of lesion may develop at the scar site, including short- or long-term benign and malignant changes, as reviewed below. Although current recommendations do not discuss potential scar complications or scar surveillance, healthcare providers would benefit from an awareness of these potential complications, and should consider periodic scar surveillance as part of a general physical examination.
“…With a pH ranging from 4.2–5.6 across the stratum corneum, the local environment is mildly acidic and can act as a significant physiological trigger for drug release from transdermal patches [154]. Kim et al developed a pH-responsive PEM assembly composed of alternating heparin and albumin films to form a polydopamine (pDA)-coated MN patch [155].…”
Section: Representative Types Of Polymeric Mnmentioning
The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to degradation. One solution is to utilize microneedles (MNs), which are capable of painlessly traversing the stratum corneum and directly translocating protein drugs into the systematic circulation. MNs can be designed to incorporate appropriate structural materials as well as therapeutics or formulations with tailored physicochemical properties. This platform technique has been applied to deliver drugs both locally and systemically in applications ranging from vaccination to diabetes and cancer therapy. This review surveys the current design and use of polymeric MNs for transdermal protein delivery. The clinical potential and future translation of MNs are also discussed.
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