Nonmedical Use of Prescription ADHD Stimulant Medications Among Adults in a Substance Abuse Treatment Population

Cassidy, Theresa A.; McNaughton, E.C.; Varughese, Sajan; Russo, Leo; Zulueta, Mirella G.; Butler, Stephen F.

doi:10.1177/1087054713493321

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Studies in non‐Japanese populations have also reported low rates of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. For instance, in almost 150 000 assessments from the US National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program system, previous 30 day nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (1.3%) was significantly less than that of prescription opioids (19.8%) or sedatives (10.6%) . Among stimulants, nonmedical use of LDX and OROS methylphenidate appeared to be considerably lower than that of short‐acting and long‐acting mixed amphetamine salts, and of short‐acting methylphenidate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose (30,50, or 70 mg/d), phase 2/3 trial in Japanese pediatric patients with ADHD demonstrated marked efficacy for LDX over 4 weeks with no major safety or tolerability concerns. 16 As an extension of the phase 2/3 trial, this open-label study was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of LDX 30, 50, and 70 mg/d in Japanese children and adolescents with ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Ichikawa¹,

Miyajima

Yamashita

et al. 2019

Neuropsychopharm Rep

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Aims As an extension of a phase 2/3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) 30, 50, or 70 mg/d for 4 weeks in Japanese patients aged 6‐17 years with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study evaluated its long‐term safety and efficacy. Methods This was a multicenter, open‐label study of LDX for 53 weeks. Safety was assessed by regular medical examination for treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs); regular recording of body weight, vital signs, and laboratory test values; and completion of dependence questionnaires. Efficacy was assessed using Japanese versions of the ADHD‐Rating Scale‐IV (ADHD‐RS‐IV) and Conners' 3rd edition Parent Rating Scale (Conners 3); plus Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I), Clinical Global Impression‐Severity, and Parent Global Assessment (PGA) scales. Results Of 132 enrolled patients, 104 completed the trial. Most frequent treatment‐related TEAEs were decreased appetite (73.5%), initial insomnia (39.4%), and weight decrease (22.0%). Most TEAEs were mild (82.6% of patients). There were no serious or severe TEAEs or deaths. No treatment‐related TEAEs were associated with blood pressure or pulse rate, and no patient had a QTcF interval >500 ms. Statistically significant improvement from baseline to week 53 was observed in the mean ADHD‐Rating Scale‐IV total score and mean Conners 3 subscale scores. Most patients showed improvement on the CGI‐I (78%) and PGA (76.5%) scales. Conclusions No significant safety issues were observed with LDX 30, 50, or 70 mg/d administered for 1 year in Japanese children and adolescents with ADHD. LDX was associated with long‐term reductions in ADHD symptoms and severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Ichikawa¹,

Miyajima

Yamashita

et al. 2019

Neuropsychopharm Rep

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“…Most individuals who reported NMU (w50%-90%) obtained the medication from family or friends. 15,20,26,27,30,36,37,40,42,50,55,59,73,78,80,105,106,118 College peers are also an often-cited source, 98,101,104,118 although the peer supplying the medication is not always a friend. 118 Many individuals (4%-35%) reported NMU of their own prescription stimulant.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Stimulant Nmu and Diversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Risk Reduction Strategies

Faraone

Rostain

Montano³

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

147

110

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Objective: To review all literature on the nonmedical use (NMU) and diversion of prescription stimulants to better understand the characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of NMU and to review risk-reduction strategies. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS from inception to May 2018 for studies containing empirical data about NMU and diversion of prescription stimulants. Additional references identified by the authors were also assessed for inclusion. Results: A total of 111 studies met inclusion criteria. NMU and diversion of stimulants are highly prevalent; self-reported rates among population samples range from 2.1% to 58.7% and from 0.7% to 80.0%, respectively. A variety of terms are used to describe NMU, and most studies have examined college students. Although most NMU is oral, non-oral NMU also occurs. The majority of NMU is associated with no, or minor, medical effects; however, adverse medical outcomes, including death, occur in some individuals, particularly when administered by non-oral routes. Although academic and occupational performance enhancement are the most commonly cited motivations, there is little evidence that academic performance is improved by NMU in individuals without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusion: NMU of stimulants is a significant public health problem, especially in college students, but variations in the terms used to describe NMU and inconsistencies in the available data limit a better understanding of this problem. Further research is needed to develop methods to detect NMU, identify individuals at greatest risk, study routes of administration, and devise educational and other interventions to help reduce occurrence of NMU. Colleges should consider including NMU in academic integrity policies.

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“…In a total of 147,816 assessments from the National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program system (2009 through 2012) to assess NMU of prescription ADHD stimulants among adults evaluated for substance abuse treatment, past 30-day NMU for prescription stimulants (1.29%) was significantly lower than that of prescription opioids (19.79%) or sedatives (10.62%), with little difference among specific stimulant products [88]. The realworld abuse potential of LDX is highlighted by NMU data collected from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance System Drug Diversion Program and Poison Center Program in the USA.…”

Section: Treatment Persistence Adherence and Abuse Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for the treatment of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders

Roncero

Álvarez

2014

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a long-acting oral prodrug stimulant. It is inactive until enzymatically hydrolyzed in the blood to active D-amphetamine. The pharmacological action of this compound involves blocking norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine reuptake into presynaptic neurons and promoting the release of NE and dopamine into the extraneuronal space. LDX has been approved for treating ADHD, which is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. Also, LDX has been proposed for other psychiatric conditions related with dopaminergic and NE CNS. LDX is the first long-acting oral prodrug indicated for the treatment of ADHD in children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-17 years) and in adults in the USA and Canada, whereas, in Europe, LDX is licensed in several countries for the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD who have had a clinically inadequate response to methylphenidate. This article covers the most important pharmacological aspects of LDX as well as data on the efficacy, tolerability and safety of this long-acting amphetamine prodrug collected from clinical studies recently published in the literature.

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Nonmedical Use of Prescription ADHD Stimulant Medications Among Adults in a Substance Abuse Treatment Population

Abstract: Prescription stimulant NMU was low compared with other prescription medications among individuals assessed for substance abuse problems, with little difference among specific products.

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Long‐term study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Long‐term study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese children and adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Systematic Review: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Risk Reduction Strategies

The use of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for the treatment of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders

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