Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Use Disorders Among Adults Aged 18 Through 64 Years in the United States, 2003-2013

Han, Beth; Compton, Wilson M.; Jones, Christopher M.; Cai, Rong

doi:10.1001/jama.2015.11859

Cited by 319 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In 2013, 4.9% of Americans admitted to nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 33 Data from population surveys suggest similar rates among Canadian adults.…”

Section: Evidence Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Busse¹,

Craigie²,

Juurlink³

et al. 2017

CMAJ

547

620

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“…In 2013, 4.9% of Americans admitted to nonmedical use of prescription opioids. 33 Data from population surveys suggest similar rates among Canadian adults.…”

Section: Evidence Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Busse¹,

Craigie²,

Juurlink³

et al. 2017

CMAJ

547

620

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The share of Social Security Disability Insurance Medicare beneficiaries age 21-64 y who fill six or more prescriptions annually is 30% higher for whites than for blacks (8), and rates of prescription opioid use disorders are also somewhat lower for blacks (9). These differences seem too modest to explain the reversal in mortality rates, because one would require changes over time in the ratio of black-white opioid use to explain the large differential growth in black-white mortality rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Losing ground at midlife in America

Meara

Skinner

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Following more than two decades of increasing prevalence of prescription opioid use disorder in the US (1, 2), the number of people in the United States prescription opioid use disorders reached 2 million in 2015 (3). Rising rates of prescription opioid use disorders have coincided with the largest epidemic of opioid overdose deaths in US history.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Risk of Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States

Olfson

Wall

Liu

et al. 2018

AJP

202

175

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Objective To determine whether cannabis use is associated with a change in the risk of incident nonmedical prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder at 3 year follow-up. Methods We used logistic regression models to assess prospective associations between cannabis use at Wave 1 (2001–2002) and nonmedical opioid use and prescription opioid use disorder at Wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Corresponding analyses were performed among adults with moderate or more severe pain and with nonmedical opioid use at Wave 1. Cannabis and prescription opioid use were measured with a structured interview (AUDADIS-IV). Other covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, anxiety or mood disorders, family history of drug, alcohol, and behavioral problems, and in opioid use disorder analyses, nonmedical opioid use. Results In logistic regression models, Wave 1 cannabis use was associated with increased incident non-medical prescription opioid use (OR=5.78, 95%CI=4.23–7.90) and opioid use disorder (OR=7.76, 95%CI=4.95–12.16) at Wave 2. These associations remained significant following adjustment for background characteristics (non-medical opioid use: AOR=2.26, 95%CI=1.86–3.69; opioid use disorder: AOR=2.18, 95%CI=1.14–4.14). Among adults with pain at Wave 1, cannabis use was also associated with increased incident non-medical opioid use (AOR=2.99, 95%CI=1.63–5.47) and approached significance with incident prescription opioid use disorder (AOR=2.14, 95%CI=0.95–4.83). Among adults with nonmedical opioid use at Wave 1, cannabis use was also associated with an increase in non-medical opioid use (AOR=3.13, 95%CI=1.19–8.23). Conclusions Cannabis use appears to increase rather than decrease the risk of developing nonmedical prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder.

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Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Use Disorders Among Adults Aged 18 Through 64 Years in the United States, 2003-2013

Abstract: During the 2003-2013 years, among adults aged 18 through 64 years, the percentage of nonmedical use of prescription opioids decreased. In contrast, the prevalence of prescription opioid use disorders, frequency of use, and related mortality increased.

Cited by 319 publications

References 22 publications

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain

Losing ground at midlife in America

Cannabis Use and Risk of Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States

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