Nonmarine Sedimentation in an Active Fore Arc Basin

Vessell, R.K.; Davies, David K.

doi:10.2110/pec.81.31.0031

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…These basins have a series of characteristic proximal, medial and distal volcaniclastic facies as described for Guatemala by Vessell and Davies (1981). A set of rift basins can form behind the arc, and the sedimentation will be controlled by the local relief and the sediment and volcaniclastic supply.…”

Section: Nicaragua Subduction Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

217

139

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The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduction zone developed in continental crust; (3) a Marianas setting in the Sandwich subduction zone with ocean floored back-arc basin with a unique west-dipping subduction zone and (4) the classic and dominant Chile-type under compression. The magmatic, structural and sedimentary behaviours of these four settings are discussed to understand the past tectonic regimes in the Mesozoic Andes based on their present geological and tectonic characteristics. The evaluation of the different parameters that governed the past and present tectonic regimes indicates that absolute motion of the upper plate relative to the hotspot frame and the consequent trench roll-back velocity are the first order parameters that control the deformation. Locally, the influences of the trench fill, linked to the dominant climate in the forearc, and the age of the subducted oceanic crust, have secondary roles. Ridge collisions of seismic and seismic oceanic ridges as well as fracture zone collisions have also a local outcome, and may produce an increase in coupling that reinforces compressional deformation. Local strain variations in the past and present Andes are not related with changes in the relative convergence rate, which is less important than the absolute motion relative to the Pacific hotspot frame, or changes in the thermal state of the upper plate. Changes in the slab dip, mainly those linked to steepening subduction zones, produce significant variations in the thermal state, that are important to generate extreme deformation in the foreland.

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Section: Nicaragua Subduction Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present‐day and Mesozoic regimes

Ramos¹

2009

Geological Journal

217

139

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“…The class reflects the volcanic facies proposed by Vessel & Davies (1981) namely central, proximal, medial, and distal. The "break in slope" dividing each classis located in elevation of 2300, 1100, and 650 respectively.…”

Section: Results Of Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Lahar in Merapi Volcano, Central Java as the Indicator of the Explosivity during Holocene

Sudradjat¹,

Syafri²,

Paripurno³

2011

Indonesian J. Geosci.

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Merapi Volcano in Central Java has been the most active volcano during Holocene time. As a strato volcano, Merapi exhibits alternating volcanic activities of effusive and explosive characters and self destruction. The explosivity index has evolved during the last ten thousand years. The effusive activities were characterized by the occurrence of lava flows, the development of lava dome, and the production of the "nuee ardente d'avalanche" called Merapi type. The explosive stage is frequently accompanied by the occurence of pyroclastic flows. The present investigation is attempted to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of lahar and the evolution of the activity of Merapi Volcano. The quantitative analysis was focused on the size and shape of the lahar components particularly that of pumice as the main indicators in 73 measured stratigraphic columns of lahar deposits. In addition, the main chemical element rim structures of hornblende identified in lahar components indicate the different lahar units. There are five lahar units and five groups of Merapi activities which can be distinguished. It can be concluded that the characteristics of lahar reflect the evolution of the activities in the past. The risk analyses of Merapi Volcano therefore can be enlarged to cover the possible hazard based on the lahar characteristics.

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“…Manville (2002), however, redefined the syneruptive period as being limited by the last recognised phase of a single eruption and introduced the term post-eruptive period, comprising the period of landscape response to volcanic eruptions. Inter-eruption periods describe times where normal background sedimentary processes occur without a direct volcanic influence (Smith, 1991) and, which are mainly characterized by reworking and erosion of eruption-related deposits (Vessel & Davies, 1981;Scott, 1985;Smith, 1987).…”

Section: Stratovolcanoes (Their Aprons and Distal Basin Fills) Lava mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The facies architecture of volcaniclastic aprons is typically complex, reflecting alternating periods of high-volume sedimentation in response to eruptive activity, and low-volume sedimentation in inter-eruption intervals (Vessel & Davies, 1981;Palmer & Neall, 1991). According to Smith & Landis (1995), the sedimentary and volcanic deposits associated with arc volcanism can generally be divided into three general facies associations, which can give information about proximal-distal relationships to a possible volcanic vent: central, apron, and distal facies:…”

Section: Lithofacies Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentary strata are composed mostly of event deposits related directly or indirectly to the stripping of loose volcaniclastic debris from steep volcanic slopes during or shortly following eruptive episodes (Vessel & Davies, 1981;Smith, 1987;Palmer & Walton, 1990). Primary volcanic components in the apron facies include rare (low-viscosity) lava flows, ignimbrites, and fine-to coarse-grained fallout tephra (Smith & Landis, 1995).…”

Section: Apron Facies Association (5-35 Km)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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