“…Meanwhile, peridynamics includes the description of damage and fracture (Foster et al., 2011; Silling and Askari, 2005), which means that the crack could propagate spontaneously without any additional fracture criteria. Such a model has the natural theoretical advantages on analyzing dynamic crack growth (Gu et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2021), impact ( Ren et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2021) and blast (Fan et al., 2016; Fan and Li, 2017; Zhu and Zhao, 2021) failure, and other discontinuous problems with non-local effects (He et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021; Ni et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2016, 2017; Zhang and Qiao, 2020).…”