Nonlinear Volume Holography in 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Liu, Shan; Mazur, Leszek Mateusz; Królikowski, Wiesław; Sheng, Yan

doi:10.1002/lpor.202000224

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The recent advent of three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals [71,72,76] made possible the realization of 3D nonlinear volume holography [43,44,[111][112][113][114] [Fig. 4(i)-(j) and see also Fig.…”

Section: Beam Shaping and Holography In Nonlinear Photonic Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topological deflection of light beams of different frequencies by such nonlinear skyrmions was numerically calculated, and was found to agree with a kinematic model where the light experiences a Lorentz force. Recent advances in the fabrication of 3D NLPCs [43,44,71,72,[112][113][114] [Fig. 9(d) and Figs.…”

Section: From This Local Gauge Transformation U(r) We Obtain Two New Artificial Gauge Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shown is a fabricated layered fork grating for generation of vortex second-harmonic beams. (d) Reproduced from Ref [113]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

Karnieli

Arie

2021

Front. Phys.

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The geometric phase of light has been demonstrated in various platforms of the linear optical regime, raising interest both for fundamental science as well as applications, such as flat optical elements. Recently, the concept of geometric phases has been extended to nonlinear optics, following advances in engineering both bulk nonlinear photonic crystals and nonlinear metasurfaces. These new technologies offer a great promise of applications for nonlinear manipulation of light. In this review, we cover the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field of geometric phases accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion. We first consider the case of bulk nonlinear photonic crystals, in which the interaction between propagating waves is quasi-phase-matched, with an engineerable geometric phase accumulated by the light. Nonlinear photonic crystals can offer efficient and robust frequency conversion in both the linearized and fully-nonlinear regimes of interaction, and allow for several applications including adiabatic mode conversion, electromagnetic nonreciprocity and novel topological effects for light. We then cover the rapidly-growing field of nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces, which allow the simultaneous nonlinear generation and shaping of light by using ultrathin optical elements with subwavelength phase and amplitude resolution. We discuss the macroscopic selection rules that depend on the rotational symmetry of the constituent meta-atoms, the order of the harmonic generations, and the change in circular polarization. Continuous geometric phase gradients allow the steering of light beams and shaping of their spatial modes. More complex designs perform nonlinear imaging and multiplex nonlinear holograms, where the functionality is varied according to the generated harmonic order and polarization. Recent advancements in the fabrication of three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, as well as the pursuit of quantum light sources based on nonlinear metasurfaces, offer exciting new possibilities for novel nonlinear optical applications based on geometric phases.

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Section: Beam Shaping and Holography In Nonlinear Photonic Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From This Local Gauge Transformation U(r) We Obtain Two New Artificial Gauge Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

Karnieli

Arie

2021

Front. Phys.

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“…The nonlinear coefficient of ferroelectric materials can be modulated by electric field poling in two out of the three crystal axes [43,44]. Recently, this capability was extended to enable modulation in all three axes using focused laser beams [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The 3D nonlinear photonic crystals (NLPCs) offer a promising new avenue for shaping and controlling arbitrary quantum correlations between photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use our model to discover the optimal quantum volume holograms (embedded in 2D [43,44,[79][80][81][82][83][84] or 3D NLPCs [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]) and the pump structures that generate desired nontrivial quantum correlations (coincidence rate counts) and quantum states (bi-photon density matrices). We demonstrate the generation of high-dimensional maximally entangled photon-pairs and show how the generated quantum state and its correlations can be controlled entirely optically using shaped pump fields interacting with the initially-learned 3D NLPC hologram -a feature that can find applications in qudit-based quantum key distribution and quantum information protocols that work at high switching rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPDCinv: Inverse Quantum-Optical Design of High-Dimensional Qudits

Rozenberg¹,

Karnieli²,

Yesharim³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in quantum optics is an invaluable resource for the realization of high-dimensional qudits with spatial modes of light. One of the main open challenges is how to directly generate a desirable qudit state in the SPDC process. This problem can be addressed through advanced computational learning methods; however, due to difficulties in modeling the SPDC process by a fully differentiable algorithm that takes into account all interaction effects, progress has been limited. Here, we overcome these limitations and introduce a physically-constrained and differentiable model, validated against experimental results for shaped pump beams and structured crystals, capable of learning every interaction parameter in the process. We avoid any restrictions induced by the stochastic nature of our physical model and integrate the dynamic equations governing the evolution under the SPDC Hamiltonian. We solve the inverse problem of designing a nonlinear quantum optical system that achieves the desired quantum state of down-converted photon pairs. The desired states are defined using either the second-order correlations between different spatial modes or by specifying the required density matrix. By learning nonlinear volume holograms as well as different pump shapes, we successfully show how to generate maximally entangled states. Furthermore, we simulate all-optical coherent control over the generated quantum state by actively changing the profile of the pump beam. Our work can be useful for applications such as novel designs of high-dimensional quantum key distribution and quantum information processing protocols. In addition, our method can be readily applied for controlling other degrees of freedom of light in the SPDC process, such as the spectral and temporal properties, and may even be used in condensed-matter systems having a similar interaction Hamiltonian.

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Periodically Poled Nonlinear Photonic Crystal KTa_0.51Nb_0.49O₃ Combining Wide Transparent Range and Large Quadratic Coefficient

Liu

Tian

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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coefficients, which have been utilized for obtaining the generation of broadband light at new frequencies and its control. [1,2] In parametric conversion processes, phase matching (PM) condition is the prerequisite for highly efficient energy conversion, corresponding to the conservation of momentum in the nonlinear optical interaction. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional angular PM by optical birefringence, several applicable PM strategies have been proposed, comprising quasi-phase-matching (QPM), [3,4] Fresnel phase-matching (FPM), [5] additional periodic phase (APP), [6] random quasi-phasematching (RQPM), [7] etc. Among them, periodically poled engineered crystals, especially lithium niobate waveguides on insulators (LNOI), [8][9][10] have been extensively developed as a unique platform for integrated photonic applications on quantum information, [11] smart chips, [12] remote communications, [13] to name just a few examples. [14][15][16] The periodically poling technique is mainly applied in ferroelectric materials, thus producing designed domain inversion and reciprocal lattice vectors (RLVs) to compensate for the phase mismatch. Compared with angular birefringent phase-matching (BPM), the QPM technique has two apparent advantages. [10] First, it can utilize the largest nonlinear tensor element d ij . For example, the effective d 33 (27-34 pm V −1 ) in periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) is three times larger than d 31 (4.5 pm V −1 ) that is utilized in the BPM technique. Second, in principle, QPM allows efficient nonlinear interactions at any frequencies in the transparent range of the ferroelectric materials, including inaccessible wavelength by the BPM technique. Therefore, finding new QPM ferroelectric crystals with large d ij and wide transparency simultaneously is an urgent but a challenging task.KTa 1-x Nb x O 3 (KTN) perovskite is a mixed crystal of KTaO 3 and KNbO 3 . It is a typical displacement-type ferroelectric crystal with a tunable Curie temperature T c by adjusting Ta/Nb ratio. [17] In as-grown KTN crystals, both 90° and 180° domains are randomly arranged throughout the crystal, thus providing rich RLVs to support three-dimensional QPM conditions. [18][19][20][21][22] However, these natural random domains are difficult to Since the first proposal of quasi-phase-matching (QPM) in 1962, finding new nonlinear photonic crystals has been an attractive topic in nonlinear optics fields. However, combining high conversion efficiency and wide operation range concurrently into one single crystal remains a great challenge. Herein, a periodically poled KTa 0.51 Nb 0.49 O 3 (PPKTN) is fabricated as a one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for the first time, to the authors' best knowledge. Benefitting from the large quadratic nonlinear coefficient, the QPM second harmonic generation (SHG) at 1030 nm is realized with a high conversion efficiency of up to 39%. More importantly, KTN crystal possesses wider midinfrared spectral transparency (0.4-8.0 µm) than commercialized LiNbO 3 and KTiOPO ...

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Nonlinear Volume Holography in 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

SPDCinv: Inverse Quantum-Optical Design of High-Dimensional Qudits

Periodically Poled Nonlinear Photonic Crystal KTa_0.51Nb_0.49O₃ Combining Wide Transparent Range and Large Quadratic Coefficient

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Nonlinear Volume Holography in 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

SPDCinv: Inverse Quantum-Optical Design of High-Dimensional Qudits

Periodically Poled Nonlinear Photonic Crystal KTa0.51Nb0.49O3 Combining Wide Transparent Range and Large Quadratic Coefficient

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Periodically Poled Nonlinear Photonic Crystal KTa_0.51Nb_0.49O₃ Combining Wide Transparent Range and Large Quadratic Coefficient