Nonlinear Theophylline Pharmacokinetics

Butts, John D.; Secrest, Bradley; Berger, Rolando

doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400100137023

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Other authors reported peak plasma theophylline levels of 7 mg/L after a single oral dose of 250 mg (French and Mildon 1979). Within therapeutic range plasma levels, first-order kinetics are assumed to apply to theophylline and, thus, a one-compartment model or a model-independent approach is routinely used for dose adjustments (Butts, Secrest, and Berger 1991). However, theophylline frequently exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics, as suggested from studies in animal models (El-Yazigi and Sawchukx 1981;Teunissen et al 1985), young children (Ginchansky and Weinberger 1977;Sarrazin et al 1980;Weinberger and Ginchansky 1977), and patients treated for obstructive pulmonary diseases (Butts, Secrest, and Berger 1991).…”

Section: Methylxanthine Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within therapeutic range plasma levels, first-order kinetics are assumed to apply to theophylline and, thus, a one-compartment model or a model-independent approach is routinely used for dose adjustments (Butts, Secrest, and Berger 1991). However, theophylline frequently exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics, as suggested from studies in animal models (El-Yazigi and Sawchukx 1981;Teunissen et al 1985), young children (Ginchansky and Weinberger 1977;Sarrazin et al 1980;Weinberger and Ginchansky 1977), and patients treated for obstructive pulmonary diseases (Butts, Secrest, and Berger 1991). Interindividual variability also seems to occur regarding theophylline clearance (Fleetham et al 1981), which was suggested to be influenced by age, sex, diet, liver function, and also external influences such as smoking (French and Mildon 1979;Ogilvie 1978).…”

Section: Methylxanthine Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological potential of methylxanthines: Retrospective analysis and future expectations

Monteiro

Alves

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Methylated xanthines (methylxanthines) are available from a significant number of different botanical species. They are ordinarily included in daily diet, in many extremely common beverages and foods. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are the main methylxanthines available from natural sources. The supposedly relatively low toxicity of methylxanthines, combined with the many beneficial effects that have been attributed to these compounds through time, generated a justified attention and a very prolific ground for dedicated scientific reports. Methylxanthines have been widely used as therapeutical tools, in an intriguing range of medicinal scopes. In fact, methylxanthines have been/were medically used as Central Nervous System stimulants, bronchodilators, coronary dilators, diuretics and anti-cancer adjuvant treatments. Other than these applications, methylxanthines have also been hinted to hold other beneficial health effects, namely regarding neurodegenerative diseases, cardioprotection, diabetes and fertility. However, it seems now consensual that toxicity concerns related to methylxanthine consumption and/or therapeutic use should not be dismissed. Taking all the knowledge and expectations on the potential of methylxanthines into account, we propose a systematic look at the past and future of methylxanthine pharmacologic applications, discussing all the promise and anticipating possible constraints. Anyways, methylxanthines will still substantiate considerable meaningful research and discussion for years to come.

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