Nonlinear soil‐pile interaction for offshore wind turbines

Μάρκου, Α.; Kaynia, Amir M.

doi:10.1002/we.2178

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The topics include, among others, nonlinear response of foundations and soil liquefaction and their impact on foundation performance 25 . The available computational models have been applied or extended to the dynamic analysis of monopiles in offshore wind turbines (OWT)in the past several years 26–33 . Monopiles are characterized by large diameter steel pipe sections (diameters ranging from 5 to 10 m) and relatively short length.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…25 The available computational models have been applied or extended to the dynamic analysis of monopiles in offshore wind turbines (OWT)in the past several years. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Monopiles are characterized by large diameter steel pipe sections (diameters ranging from 5 to 10 m) and relatively short length. With such dimensions, the monopiles approach embedded caissons which are expected to undergo considerable rotation due to the kinematic interaction during earthquake shaking.…”

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Effect of kinematic interaction on seismic response of offshore wind turbines on monopiles

Kaynia

2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Interest in renewable energy over the past decade has motivated a remarkable research on offshore wind energy. Due to the environmental loading conditions in the early developments of offshore wind farms, the focus of the research and engineering has been on aerodynamic and hydrodynamic subjects. However, earthquake has turned out to be a major design concern in seismic areas such as East Asia, Southern Europe, and United States. The topics include, among others, nonlinear response of foundations, soil liquefaction, and their impacts on foundation performance. An important topic in seismic soil‐structure interaction (SSI) analysis is the kinematic seismic response of foundations. This information is crucial for analyses based on the substructuring approach where both kinematic response and foundation impedances are key parameters. While considerable research has been spent on the latter topic, very little has been reported on the kinematic interaction. Large monopoles with low aspect ratios tend to rotate much more than regular piles in pile group foundations due to seismic waves. The rotation leads to additional load on the tower and the turbine. This article uses a rigorous numerical model for monopole‐soil interaction in layered soil and computes both rotational and horizontal responses at the pile head (seabed) as functions of frequency. A suite of generic homogeneous and heterogeneous soil profiles with shear moduli representative of clay (generally linear) and sand (generally parabolic) are considered in these analyses. Through representative analyses, both in frequency domain and time domain, it is illustrated how the kinematic interaction influences the earthquake loads imparted to an offshore wind turbine (OWT).

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Effect of kinematic interaction on seismic response of offshore wind turbines on monopiles

Kaynia

2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…Their sensitivity analyses showed that water depth and wave period have important influence on the fatigue loads. Most recently, Markou and Kaynia developed a procedure for extending the non‐linear static p‐y springs to cyclic loading and implemented a procedure for limiting the damping generated by the hysteretic loops in the springs. To assess the importance of soil‐pile modelling and damping, Aasen et al carried out a parametric study in which they used four different models for the simulation of the monopile of an OWT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of foundation type and modelling on dynamic response and fatigue of offshore wind turbines

Løken

Kaynia

2019

Wind Energy

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This paper presents dynamic response and fatigue analyses of several bottom‐mounted offshore wind turbine (OWT) models, simulated in the aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool FAST. The distinction between the models is the foundations, which are modelled with different methods, concepts, and dimensions. The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a 5‐MW reference turbine supported on a monopile, the NREL 5MW, which was used as a reference model in this paper. The paper presents the implementation and comparison of two different foundation modeling methods, referred to as the simplified apparent fixity method and the improved apparent fixity method. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of different monopile dimensions were performed, followed by sensitivity analyses of suction caisson foundations of different dimensions. The final part of the paper presents fatigue analyses for the foundation models considered in this study subjected to 17 load cases. Fatigue damage, fatigue life, and damage equivalent loads were calculated, as well as the relative fatigue contribution from each load case.

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“…The concept of (non-linear) pile-soil interaction is not novel. Various related fields note the importance of pile-soil interaction during dynamic loading, for example, post-installation modeling of wind and wave loads (Markou and Kaynia, 2018), piles in earthquake analysis (Nogami and Konagai, 1987;Novak, 1991), pile bearing capacity under vertical vibration (Nogami and Konagai, 1987) and onshore vibratory pile driving (Holeyman, 2002). Cui et al (2022) introduce a Winkler spring connection between the pile and surrounding soil to study the effect of incomplete pile-soil bonding on the vibrations of a floating pile.…”

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The influence of contact relaxation on underwater noise emission and seabed vibrations due to offshore vibratory pile installation

2023

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The growing interest in offshore wind leads to an increasing number of wind farms planned to be constructed in the coming years. Installation of these piles often causes high underwater noise levels that harm aquatic life. State-of-the-art models have problems predicting the noise and seabed vibrations from vibratory pile driving. A significant reason for that is the modeling of the sediment and its interaction with the driven pile. In principle, linear vibroacoustic models assume perfect contact between pile and soil, i.e., no pile slip. In this study, this pile-soil interface condition is relaxed, and a slip condition is implemented that allows vertical motion of the pile relative to the soil. First, a model is developed which employs contact spring elements between the pile and the soil, allowing the former to move relative to the latter in the vertical direction. The developed model is then verified against a finite element software. Second, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of the interface conditions on the emitted wave field. The results show that the noise generation mechanism depends strongly on the interface conditions. Third, this study concludes that models developed to predict noise emission from impact pile driving are not directly suitable for vibratory pile driving since the pile-soil interaction becomes essential for noise generation in the latter case.

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Nonlinear soil‐pile interaction for offshore wind turbines

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of kinematic interaction on seismic response of offshore wind turbines on monopiles

Effect of kinematic interaction on seismic response of offshore wind turbines on monopiles

Effect of foundation type and modelling on dynamic response and fatigue of offshore wind turbines

The influence of contact relaxation on underwater noise emission and seabed vibrations due to offshore vibratory pile installation

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