Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to damage assessment in bone

Müller, Marie; Sutin, Alexander; Guyer, R. A.; Talmant, Maryline; Laugier, Pascal; Johnson, Paul A.

doi:10.1121/1.2126917

Cited by 120 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…First developed in medical characterization of bone and other materials, [20][21][22] it was later applied to rocks. [23][24][25][26] The method relies on monitoring the material several times during a resonant period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Gallot

Malcolm

Szabo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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The nonlinear elastic response of rocks is known to be caused by the rocks' microstructure, particularly cracks and fluids. This paper presents a method for characterizing the nonlinearity of rocks in a laboratory scale experiment with a unique configuration. This configuration has been designed to open up the possibility of using the nonlinear characterization of rocks as an imaging tool in the field. In our experiment, we study the nonlinear interaction of two traveling waves: a low-amplitude 500 kHz P-wave probe and a high-amplitude 50 kHz S-wave pump in a room-dry 15 Â 15 Â 3 cm slab of Berea sandstone. Changes in the arrival time of the P-wave probe as it passes through the perturbation created by the traveling S-wave pump were recorded. Waveforms were time gated to simulate a semi-infinite medium. The shear wave phase relative to the P-wave probe signal was varied with resultant changes in the P-wave probe arrival time of up to 100 ns, corresponding to a change in elastic properties of 0.2%. In order to estimate the strain in our sample, we also measured the particle velocity at the sample surface to scale a finite difference linear elastic simulation to estimate the complex strain field in the sample, on the order of 10 À6 , induced by the S-wave pump. We derived a fourth order elastic model to relate the changes in elasticity to the pump strain components. We recover quadratic and cubic nonlinear parameters:b ¼ À872 and d ¼ À1:1 Â 10 10 , respectively, at room-temperature and when particle motions of the pump and probe waves are aligned. Temperature fluctuations are correlated to changes in the recovered values ofb andd, and we find that the nonlinear parameter changes when the particle motions are orthogonal. No evidence of slow dynamics was seen in our measurements. The same experimental configuration, when applied to Lucite and aluminum, produced no measurable nonlinear effects. In summary, a method of selectively determining the local nonlinear characteristics of rock quantitatively has been demonstrated using traveling sound waves. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Gallot

Malcolm

Szabo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…These techniques are primarily based on harmonic generation, [30][31][32] frequency mixing, 33-35 acoustoelasticity, 36,37 or shift in the resonance frequency. 26,28,38,39 The latter provides the means to extract nonlinear elastic and dissipative parameters, associated to changes in the resonance frequency and damping with level of excitation, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recent publications 18,19 reported the sum-frequency level ͑f 1 + f 2 ͒ created by exciting bolted joints with two sinusoidal waves ͑f 1 and f 2 ͒, for different torque levels. More generally, nonlinear acoustics offers sensitive techniques to detect an isolated and localized microcrack, 20 as well as to evaluate the global quantity of microdamage in materials such as rock, 21,22 nickel, 23 concrete, 24-26 wood, 27 bone, 28,29 etc. These techniques are primarily based on harmonic generation, [30][31][32] frequency mixing, 33-35 acoustoelasticity, 36,37 or shift in the resonance frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear acoustic resonances to probe a threaded interface

Rivière

Renaud

Haupert

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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We evaluate the sensitivity of multimodal nonlinear resonance spectroscopy to torque changes in a threaded interface. Our system is comprised of a bolt progressively tightened in an aluminum plate. Different modes of the system are studied in the range 1-25 kHz, which correspond primarily to bending modes of the plate. Nonlinear parameters expressing the importance of resonance frequency and damping variations are extracted and compared to linear ones. The influence of each mode shape on the sensitivity of nonlinear parameters is discussed. Results suggest that a multimodal measurement is an appropriate and sensitive method for monitoring bolt tightening. Further, we show that the nonlinear components provide new information regarding the interface, which can be linked to different friction theories. This work has import to study of friction and to nondestructive evaluation of interfaces for widespread application and basic research.

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“…Building on work done in the resonance regime in medical imaging, (Muller et al, 2005;Renaud et al, 2008Renaud et al, , 2009) and for rock samples in (Johnson et al, 1991;D Angelo et al, 2004;Renaud et al, 2012), we develop and test an experimental setup designed to image changes in the nonlinear parameters throughout a sample. In our experiment, we measure the non-linearity through a change, caused by a propagating S-wave, in the traveltime of a propagating P-wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear interaction of seismic waves in the lab: A potential tool for characterizing pore structure and fluids

Malcolm

Gallot

Burns

et al. 2014

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014

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SUMMARYAs more and more resources are extracted from unconventional reservoirs, an understanding of the microstructure of reservoir rocks is of increasing importance. Many conventional techniques struggle to sense variations in the micro-structure and pore-fluids of rock samples. The nonlinear coupling of two elastic waves is known to be sensitive to these parameters, however, and so is a natural candidate to improve our understanding of these structures. Here, we develop an experimental technique to sense the nonlinear interaction of two propagating waves: a strong S-wave pump that changes (minutely) the elastic properties of the sample and a weaker P-wave probe that senses those changes. By measuring the delay in the P-wave probe traveltime induced by the S-wave pump, we show that this signal is significant in a Berea sandstone sample and absent in Aluminum and Plexiglass samples. The polarization of the S-wave (particle motion aligned or perpendicular to the P-wave probe) has a large impact on the measured response; this is evidence that the signal we measure is sensitive to the microstructure of the rock. We show that the method is sensitive to fluids by imaging the variations in two specific nonlinear parameters, caused by the introduction of fluid into a Berea sandstone sample.

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Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to damage assessment in bone

Cited by 120 publications

References 36 publications

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Nonlinear acoustic resonances to probe a threaded interface

Nonlinear interaction of seismic waves in the lab: A potential tool for characterizing pore structure and fluids

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