Nonlinear relations between house dust mite allergen levels and mite sensitization in farm and nonfarm children

Schram-Bijkerk, Dieneke; Doekes, Gert; Boevé, Michael H.; Douwes, Jeroen; Riedler, Josef; Üblagger, E.; Mutius, Erika von; Budde, J.; Pershagen, Göran; Hage, Marianne van; Wickman, Magnus; Braun‐Fahrländer, Charlotte; Waser, Marco; Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01079.x

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A significant, non-linear relationship between endotoxin exposure and a number of common allergens was seen in adult pig farmers as the risk of sensitization was strongly decreased with increasing exposure to endotoxin [39]. Schram-Bijkerk et al [40] observed similar findings in house dust mites and mite sensitization in farming and non-farming children. Interestingly, exposure to high levels of crude sources of β-glucans was observed to be associated with decreased risk for recurrent wheezing among infants [41,42], indicating that β-glucan exposure may protect against asthma development.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Adjuvant effect of zymosan after pulmonary treatment in a mouse ovalbumin allergy model

Young

Wolfarth

Roberts

et al. 2013

Experimental Lung Research

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An association has been observed between indoor mold contamination and lung allergy and asthma. This relationship is not fully understood. 1→3-β-Glucan is the major cell wall component of fungi and a good marker of fungi exposure. The objective was to evaluate the adjuvant effect of zymosan, a crude yeast cell wall preparation of 1→3-β-glucan, during ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization in an allergy model. BALB/c mice were sensitized by pharyngeal aspiration with saline, 50 µg of OVA, or OVA with 1, 10, 50, or 75 µg of zymosan on days 0, 7, and 14. One week after sensitization, each sensitized animal group was challenged with an aspiration dose of 50 µg of OVA once a week for 2 weeks. At 1 day after the last aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood was collected, and markers of lung allergy and inflammation were assessed. An adjuvant effect of zymosan on OVA allergy during sensitization was observed as indicated by significant elevations in lung eosinophils, serum OVA-specific IgE, and lung IL-5 in the groups sensitized with zymosan and OVA. Pulmonary treatment with zymosan also amplified lung inflammation. Elevations were observed in lung neutrophils, TNF-α, and parameters of lung injury in the groups primed with both zymosan and OVA. In nearly all parameters, a non-linear dose-response relationship was observed in the groups primed with OVA and zymosan. The optimum adjuvant dose of zymosan was 10 µg. This study demonstrated an adjuvant effect of zymosan when exposures occurred during the sensitization phase in an OVA-induced allergy model in BALB/c mice.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Adjuvant effect of zymosan after pulmonary treatment in a mouse ovalbumin allergy model

Young

Wolfarth

Roberts

et al. 2013

Experimental Lung Research

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“…Based on the recent observation of very high concentrations of allergens on farms [148], the hypothesis of tolerance induction by antigen exposure in early life [44] has been raised to explain the protective effect of farming environment. However, the only study that objectively assessed allergen concentrations at home did not find any significant association with allergic sensitisation [42]. As a consequence, because of a lack of data, the hypothesis of immune tolerance induction is controversial, and further studies are needed in order to replicate previous results and to better understand how biological exposure might interact with the immune system [149].…”

Section: In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…We will not detail these results in this section as several recent reviews have discussed this subject [40,41]. However, we would like to underline recent results, which suggest a nonlinear relationship between exposure to allergens and allergic diseases [42,43]: high exposure to HDM allergens might be protective against the risks of asthma and allergic sensitisation. This has been suggested by the ''high-dose tolerance'' hypothesis put forward for exposure to the cat allergen [44].…”

Section: Biological Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

et al. 2012

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We reviewed the main epidemiological studies that evaluate the respiratory effects of indoor air pollutants quantitatively in industrialised countries. Consistent results support short-term (aggravation) and, although more rarely, long-term (prevalence augmentation) effects on asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in indoor settings with poor air quality. Environmental tobacco smoke is one of the most important risks for respiratory symptoms and diseases worldwide. The evidence is also reliable for indoor nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which have been associated with asthma, bronchitis and COPD. Whereas formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds seem to be the main pollutants in indoor settings, relevant papers on their respiratory effects are still scarce, and limited to asthma and bronchitis. Moulds have been associated with an increased risk of asthma and COPD. Contradictory results have been found between endotoxins and asthma. The role of phthalates, persistent organic pollutants and flame retardants in respiratory diseases remains to be established. Results from rural areas of industrialised countries indicate that exposure to some indoor bio-contaminants might be protective in early life, while it is associated with adverse respiratory adverse effects in adulthood. Studies focusing on indoor air pollutants should be developed to better understand their involvement in the inception and aggravation of respiratory diseases.

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“…For example, there is some controversy on the possibility of identifying meaningful threshold levels of exposure (Custovic and Chapman, 1998). Also, although the dose-response relationship between HDM allergen exposure and sensitisation is generally believed to be linear, some studies suggest that it could be bell-shaped in some circumstances (Schram-Bijkerk et al 2006).…”

Section: Scenarios Modelling Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a transient hygrothermal population model for house dust mites in beds: assessment of control strategies in UK buildings

Ucci¹,

Biddulph²,

Oreszczyn³

et al. 2011

Journal of Building Performance Simulation

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This paper discusses the capabilities and the application of an innovative combined hygrothermal and population model to assess the impact of building design and occupant behaviour on house dust mite populations in a mattress. The combined model is the first of its kind able to predict the impact of hourly transient hygrothermal conditions within a 3-dimensional mattress on a population of 'wild' Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites. The modelling shows that the current drive for energy efficiency in buildings might lead to an increase in house dust mite infestations in UK dwellings. Further research is needed to accurately determine the size of these effects and to adequately evaluate any trade-offs between energy efficiency measures and health outcomes.

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Nonlinear relations between house dust mite allergen levels and mite sensitization in farm and nonfarm children

Abstract: Our data suggest a bell-shaped dose-response relationship between mite allergen exposure and sensitization to mite allergens. In populations with high microbial agent levels and low sensitization rates, the curve is shifted down.

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Adjuvant effect of zymosan after pulmonary treatment in a mouse ovalbumin allergy model

Adjuvant effect of zymosan after pulmonary treatment in a mouse ovalbumin allergy model

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

Application of a transient hygrothermal population model for house dust mites in beds: assessment of control strategies in UK buildings

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