Nonlinear refractive indices of nonlinear liquids: wavelength dependence and influence of retarded response

Kedenburg, Stefan; Steinmann, Andy; Hegenbarth, Robin; Steinle, Tobias; Gießen, Harald

doi:10.1007/s00340-014-5833-y

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, in cases where the NLO response is not instantaneous, this single quantity is insufficient, which creates problems in comparing literature values [1,2]. For example, one of the popular reference materials in nonlinear spectroscopy, carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) has been the subject of numerous studies, but the reported values of n 2 taken from references over the past decades [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], as shown in Fig. 1, vary by over 2 orders of magnitude, depending on the experimental methods, pulse widths used, and interpretation of data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical response of solvents

Zhao

Reichert

Benis

et al. 2018

Optica

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It has long been known that nonlinear refraction in solvents can depend on pulse width, and this along with experimental uncertainties has led to orders-of-magnitude disagreements in nonlinear refractive coefficients reported in the literature. To resolve this issue, we perform beam-deflection (BD) measurements of the rigorously defined nonlinear impulse response function for 24 commonly used solvents selected from various classes of molecules. Using this polarization-resolved BD, the bound-electronic and the three major nuclear contributions are separately measured by determining the magnitudes, symmetry, and temporal dynamics of each mechanism. This allows us to construct the response functions that we use to accurately establish self-consistent references for predicting and interpreting the outcomes of other experiments performed on these materials over the temporal range from 10 fs to 1 ns. The results also provide insight into relating solvent nonlinearities with their molecular structures and exploring the effects of the Lorentz-Lorenz local field. We find that nonconjugated molecules with small polarizability anisotropy exhibit negligible reorientational response, and hence the nonlinear refraction is almost independent of pulse width. Knowledge of the response functions also allows engineering the transient nonlinear refractive properties of solutions of organic dyes, for example, materials with effectively zero nonlinear refraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical response of solvents

Zhao

Reichert

Benis

et al. 2018

Optica

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“…Систематизированные данные по зависимости n2 от длительности импульса для исследуемых жидкостей можно найти, например, в [14,15].…”

Section: приложение 1 расчет астигматизма вносимого при смещении фокunclassified

Laser-Induced Streams in Liquids Depending on Focusing Conditions of Pulse-Periodic Femtosecond Laser Radiation

Lavrentyev¹,

Solovyov²,

Shemyakin³

et al. 2019

PhChGD

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The paper is devoted to generation and observing quasi-stationary flows under the effect of the focused pulse-periodic femtosecond laser radiation on liquid solvents: water, heavy water, alcohols, ketones, chlormetanes. The mechanism inducing directional flows appears to be directional collapse of the gas bubbles produced by multiphoton dissociation in a focused laser beam. Formation of the flows had being observed with schlieren technique and or framing small gas bubbles illuminated by visible laser beam converted to the line. Absorption coefficients of focused and unfocused femtosecond laser radiation in the fluids were also measured. In experiments with laser pulses of 450 fs at 1.023 nm wavelength with pulse energy from 10 to 220 uJ and repetition rate 1.43 ÷ 10 kHz stationary flows of fluids were originated from the laser beam waist directed along or transversely (in most cases) to the laser beam. The streams along the laser axis in both directions were observed under low pulse power (10 ÷ 20 uJ) provided precise lens adjustment without astigmatism or self-focusing. The tests show that single beam waist of 10 ÷ 20 um in diameter and 100 ÷ 200 um long generates two narrow jets along the beam axis in both directions from the waist. Lens displacement transversely to the beam leads to splitting beam waist in two astigmatic foci. Both foci generate axial flows directed toward each other that collide in the gap between foci, forming synthetic transverse flow. The increase of the pulse energy and focal point intensity were followed by nonlinear selffocusing forming filament like beam waist up to 14 mm long. Repeating cycles of selffocusing and defocusing produce several energy deposition zones along the filament beam waist, each one generating separate streams along the beam axis. Colliding of the contradirected streams gave rise to complex flow pattern along and transversely to the beam axis.Key words: laser-induced flows in liquids, femtosecond laser, laser beam self-focusing, multiphoton dissociation, laser beam interaction with liquids, laser processing.Video frame of the established flow pattern in heavy water in self-focused beam waist of pulse-periodic femtosecond laser. The flow pattern is created by microbubbles of dissociated heavy water illuminated by green "laser sheet". Intense contra-directed streams injected along laser beam collide and spread around forming streaks apart from the laser beam axis. Laser pulse duration and energy:  = 450 fs, 125 p E  J/pulse, repetition rate r = 3.33 kHz. Frame size 9  5 mm 2 . Laser beam is directed from left to right; focuser f-number is 17 f .

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“…Besides supercontinuum generation, liquid-filled PCFs were used to control the diffraction and nonlinearity of the fiber to realize the tunable diffraction and self-focusing [13], the observation of a nonlocal gap soliton [14], the spatio-temporal control of light by Bloch-mode dispersion [15], and the tunable nonlinear coupler [16]. Also, liquid-filled capillary fibers were used to generate supercontinuum [17] and study nonlinear properties of liquids [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion properties of liquid crystal core photonic crystal fibers calculated by a multipole method modified for anisotropic inclusions

Karasawa

2015

Optics Communications

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Nonlinear refractive indices of nonlinear liquids: wavelength dependence and influence of retarded response

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical response of solvents

Temporal and polarization dependence of the nonlinear optical response of solvents

Laser-Induced Streams in Liquids Depending on Focusing Conditions of Pulse-Periodic Femtosecond Laser Radiation

Dispersion properties of liquid crystal core photonic crystal fibers calculated by a multipole method modified for anisotropic inclusions

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